OMIA:001249-9925 : Coat colour, brown, TYRP1-related in Capra hircus (goat)

In other species: Rhesus monkey , dog , American black bear , domestic cat , horse , pig , taurine cattle , sheep , rabbit , golden hamster , North American deer mouse , Mongolian gerbil , American mink

Categories: Pigmentation phene

Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 612271 (trait) , 203290 (trait) , 115501 (gene)

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal dominant

Considered a defect: no

Key variant known: yes

Year key variant first reported: 2015

Species-specific name: Brown, (Coppernecked Goat)

History: The Valais Blacknecked goat in southern Switzerland is characterised by black forequarters and white hindquarters that are separated by a sharp vertical boundary. A rare coat colour variant of this breed showing brown instead of black forequarters is called Coppernecked goat. Even though this phenotypic variant has probably existed for more than 120 years, there are fewer than 150 animals today. One reason is that the copper-coloured animals do not fit into the scheme of the official breed standards and are not included in the herd book of the Swiss Goat Breeders Association. However, the Swiss foundation for the cultural history and genetic diversity of animals and plants, ProSpecieRara, is dedicated to preserving the Coppernecked goats (www.prospecierara.ch).

Inheritance: Becker et al. (2015) reported a likely candidate causative variant, TYRP1:p.Gly496Asp. According to Becker et al. (2015) the 496-Asp allele is dominant to the wildtype 496-Gly allele. Pedigree records of 522 informative matings strongly suggested a dominant mode of inheritance (Becker et al. 2015). This is very unexpected as most brown coat color phenotypes in many mammalian species are caused by recessive loss-of-function alleles at the TYRP1 locus. Dietrich et al. (2015) proved the dominant inheritance by mating a Coppernecked buck homozygous for the 496-Asp allele to black Nera Verzasca goats. The authors obtained 3 offspring from two matings and all three offspring showed the brown coat colour. Dietrich et al. (2015) noticed that the brown Toggenburg goats also carry the 496-Asp allele. Thus the brown coat colour in Coppernecked goats and Toggenburg goats is due to the same genetic variant and there has most likely been some genetic exchange between these two breeds.

Mapping: Becker at al. (2015) genotyped 22 cases 23 controls on the illumina SNP50 Beadchip. The authors performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 46,724 informative SNP markers and mapped the locus for brown coat colour in Coppernecked goats to chromosome 8.

Molecular basis: Becker et al. (2015) investigated the positional and functional candidate gene TYRP1 in 8 Coppernecked and 8 Blacknecked goats and identified 49 variants including four non-synonymous variants. Two of the non-synonymous variants were present in homozygous state in black goats and considered functionally neutral. The variant c.1487G>A predicted to affect the transmembrane domain of the TYRP1 protein (p.Gly496Asp) was found exclusively in Coppernecked goats. The vast majority of Coppernecked goats (77 out of 81 investigated animals) carried the 496-Asp allele in either heterozygous or homozygous state, whereas this allele was not found in 74 Blacknecked goats or in goats from other breeds. Becker et al. (2015) concluded that the 496-Asp allele is most likely responsible for a dominantly inherited brown phenotype. Solely based on the association data Becker et al. (2015) further observed that the rare variant c.1433T>C [ARS1 8:31503219A>G] predicted to result in p.Ile478Thr possibly represents another functional variant. It thus cannot be excluded that this variant leads to a recessive brown allele. However, so far, no homozygous goat for this variant has been found, which would allow to prove or disprove this hypothesis. Becker et al. (2015) had 4 brown goats in their study, which could initially not be explained by any of the identified TYRP1 variants. However, incorrect phenotype assignments and a sample mix-up are the most likely explanations for these discrepant results (Becker et al. 2015, Corrigendum).

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Breeds: Toggenburg (Goat) (VBO_0000846), Valais Blackneck (Goat) (VBO_0000849).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. For breeds in which a likely causal variant has been documented, see the variant table below

Associated gene:

Symbol Description Species Chr Location OMIA gene details page Other Links
TYRP1 tyrosinase-related protein 1 Capra hircus 8 NC_030815.1 (31519520..31502983) TYRP1 Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene

Variants

By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective. Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column headers.

WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.

Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.

OMIA Variant ID Breed(s) Variant Phenotype Gene Allele Type of Variant Source of Genetic Variant Reference Sequence Chr. g. or m. c. or n. p. Verbal Description EVA ID Inferred EVA rsID Year Published PubMed ID(s) Acknowledgements
1059 Toggenburg (Goat) Valais Copperneck Brown TYRP1 missense Naturally occurring variant ARS1 8 g.31503165C>T c.1487G>A p.(G496D) rs5334475101 2015 25392961 The genomic location on ARS1 was determined by Katie Eager, EMAI, NSW Department of Primary Industries

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2024). OMIA:001249-9925: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2023 Guan, S., Li, W., Jin, H., Zhang, L., Liu, G. :
Development and validation of a 54K genome-wide liquid SNP chip panel by target sequencing for dairy goat. Genes (Basel) 14, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37239482. DOI: 10.3390/genes14051122.
2021 Henkel, J., Dubacher, A., Bangerter, E., Herren, U., Ammann, P., Drögemüller, C., Flury, C., Leeb, T. :
Introgression of ASIP and TYRP1 alleles explains coat color variation in Valais goats. J Hered 112:452-457, 2021. Pubmed reference: 34050662. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab024.
2015 Becker, D., Otto, M., Ammann, P., Keller, I., Drögemüller, C., Leeb, T. :
Corrigendum. Anim Genet 46:470, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26207940. DOI: 10.1111/age.12308.
Becker, D., Otto, M., Ammann, P., Keller, I., Drögemüller, C., Leeb, T. :
The brown coat colour of Coppernecked goats is associated with a non-synonymous variant at the TYRP1 locus on chromosome 8. Anim Genet 46:50-4, 2015. Pubmed reference: 25392961. DOI: 10.1111/age.12240.
Dietrich, J., Menzi, F., Ammann, P., Drögemüller, C., Leeb, T. :
A breeding experiment confirms the dominant mode of inheritance of the brown coat colour associated with the (496) Asp TYRP1 allele in goats. Anim Genet 46:587-8, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26153465. DOI: 10.1111/age.12320.

Edit History


  • Created by Tosso Leeb on 21 Nov 2014
  • Changed by Tosso Leeb on 22 Nov 2014
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 24 Nov 2014
  • Changed by Tosso Leeb on 24 Nov 2014
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 16 Apr 2015
  • Changed by Tosso Leeb on 07 Aug 2015
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 13 Aug 2015
  • Changed by Tosso Leeb on 05 Jan 2018
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 27 Mar 2019
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 21 Apr 2021
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 01 Jun 2021
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 28 Feb 2024