OMIA:000031-452646 : Coat colour, dilution, MLPH-related in Neovison vison (American mink)

In other species: dog , domestic cat , taurine cattle , sheep , rabbit

Categories: Pigmentation phene

Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 609227 (trait) , 606526 (gene)

Links to MONDO diseases:

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal recessive

Considered a defect: no

Key variant known: yes

Year key variant first reported: 2013

Cross-species summary: FN acknowledges invaluable feedback from Cord Drögemüller that has led to the name of this phene being changed from "Coat colour, diluted" to "Coat colour, dilution, MLPH-related". At the same time, a new phene "Coat colour, dilution, generic" was created.

Species-specific name: Silver-blue coat colour

Species-specific symbol: p

History: As summarised by Manakhov et al. (2019): "The first mink fur-colour mutant was described in 1931 [Трапезов & Трапезова, 2009; Liu et al., 2017], inherited as a Mendelian autosomal recessive trait and characterized by a Silverblue shade of the coat . . . . The mutation was originally named platinum due to similarity with an existing phenotype in foxes. Subsequently, the name was changed to Silverblue, although the mutation is still referred to as p [Трапезов & Трапезова, 2009]. This coat colour rose in popularity for the next 80 years, until it became one of the most common mutations in the mink fur industry."

Inheritance: The silver-blue coat colour, which is analogous to the dilute phenotype in other species, is inherited as an autosomal recessive at the Silver locus (Anistoroaei and Christensen, 2007). The symbol for the recessive allele is p.

Mapping: Anistoroaei and Christensen (2007) linkage-mapped this locus to chromosome NVI13, and showed that this locus was coincident with "A Canis familiaris BAC clone containing the melanophilin gene (which generates 'silver-like' phenotype in dog)", strongly suggesting that the silver locus in American mink is the MLPH locus. Using three microsatellites from a contig containing MLPH, Cicera et al. (2013) confirmed these results by linkage-mapping all three markers to the appropriate region of chromosome NVI3. They also reported physically mapping one of the microsatellites to NVI3q1.3-2.2.

Molecular basis: By sequencing the positional candidate MLPH gene (see mapping section above) in silverblue, violet and wild-type mink, Cirera et al. (2013) "identified two deletions of the entire intron 7 and of the 5′ end of intron 8 in the sequence of the Silverblue MLPH gene". Investigation of MLPH mRNA revealed that "the Silverblue animals completely lack exon 8, which encodes 65 residues, of which 47 define the Myosin Va (MYO5A) binding domain. This may cause the incorrect anchoring of the MLPH protein to MYO5A in Silverblue animals, resulting in an improper pigmentation as seen in diluted phenotypes." Interestingly, even though the silverblue allele lacks the entire exon 8, it has "retained part of the intron 8 in the coding region. This introduces a stop codon, leading to a truncated protein 284 residues long that is lacking almost all MYO5A Va and all actin-binding domains". In addition, the authors reported that "in the MLPH mRNA of wt, Violet and Silverblue phenotypes, part of intron 8 is retained resulting in a truncated MLPH protein, which is 359 residues long in wt and Violet and 284 residues long in Silverblue." Manakhov et al. (2019) reported that the likely causal variant for the silverblue phenotype in mink "from two unrelated populations (Novosibirsk and Tver mink populations)" is "a single nucleotide variation (GL896909.1:662639 G/A (MLPH C.901 + 1 G > A), hereinafter referred to as MLPH^p) at the splice donor site of melanophilin (MLPH) that potentially resulted in loss of function".

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Associated gene:

Symbol Description Species Chr Location OMIA gene details page Other Links
MLPH Neovison vison 3 NC_058093.1 (44484351..44528469) MLPH Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene

Variants

By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective. Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column headers.

WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.

Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.

OMIA Variant ID Breed(s) Variant Phenotype Gene Allele Type of Variant Source of Genetic Variant Reference Sequence Chr. g. or m. c. or n. p. Verbal Description EVA ID Inferred EVA rsID Year Published PubMed ID(s) Acknowledgements
672 Coat colour, silver-blue MLPH deletion, gross (>20) Naturally occurring variant deletion of exon 8 2013 23747352
1204 Silverblue MLPH p splicing Naturally occurring variant MusPutFur1.0.86 g.662639G>A c.901+1G>A GL896909.1:662639 G/A (MLPH C.901 + 1 G > A) (Manakhov et al., 2019) 2019 30872653

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2020). OMIA:000031-452646: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2019 Manakhov, A.D., Andreeva, T.V., Trapezov, O.V., Kolchanov, N.A., Rogaev, E.I. :
Genome analysis identifies the mutant genes for common industrial Silverblue and Hedlund white coat colours in American mink. Sci Rep 9:4581, 2019. Pubmed reference: 30872653. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40918-7.
2017 Liu, Z.Y., Liu, L.L., Song, X.C., Cong, B., Yang, F.H. :
Heritability and genetic trends for growth and fur quality traits in silver blue mink Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 16:39-43, 2017.
2013 Cirera, S., Markakis, M.N., Christensen, K., Anistoroaei, R. :
New insights into the melanophilin (MLPH) gene controlling coat color phenotypes in American mink. Gene 527:48-54, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23747352. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.047.
2009 Trapezov, O.V., Trapezova, L.I., alekhina, T.A., Klochkov, D.V., Ivanov, I.u.N. :
[Effects of monorecessive and double recessive mutations affecting coat color on the monoamine content of the brain of the American mink (Mustela vison Schreber, 1777)]. Genetika 45:1641-5, 2009. Pubmed reference: 20198975.
Трапезов, О.В., Трапезова, Л.И. :
Воспроизводящаяся коллекция окрасочных генотипов американской норки (Mustela vison Schreber, 1777) на экспериментальной звероферме Института цитологии и генетики СО РАН (А reproducing collection of American mink (Mustela vison Schreber, 1777) color genotypes at the experimental fur farm of the Institute of cytology and genetics, Novosibirsk) Вестник ВОГиС 13:554-570, 2009.
2007 Anistoroaei, R., Christensen, K. :
Mapping of the silver gene in mink and its association with the dilution gene in dog. Cytogenet Genome Res 116:316-8, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17431331. DOI: 10.1159/000100417.
1996 Popova, N.K., Nikulina, E.M., Voitenko, N.N., Avgustinovich, D.F., Trapezov, O.V. :
The one-locus silver-blue fur color mutation (pp) in minks affects the dopamine system of the brain [Russian] Genetika 32:452-454, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8723640.

Edit History


  • Created by Frank Nicholas on 15 Sep 2018
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 15 Sep 2018
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 02 Jun 2020