OMIA:001374-9615 : Centronuclear myopathy, HACD1-related in Canis lupus familiaris (dog)

Categories: Muscle phene

Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 610467 (gene) , 619967 (trait)

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal recessive

Considered a defect: yes

Key variant known: yes

Year key variant first reported: 2005

Cross-species summary: Centronuclear Myopathy (CNM)

Species-specific name: Type II fiber deficiency; Autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy; Hereditary myopathy of Labrador retrievers (HMLR)

Species-specific symbol: HMLR

History: The first clinical description of this disorder was by Kramer et al. (1976).

Inheritance: Tiret et al. (2003) showed that this disorder is autosomal recessive.

Mapping: Conducting a genome scan with 66 microsatellites on a four-generation pedigree that "comprised 40 dogs among which 20 were affected (12 females and 8 males)" Tiret et al. (2003) mapped this disorder to the centromeric region of chromosome CFA2. Subsequent fine mapping reduced this to an "18.1-cM interval between markers FH2087U and AHT132". Subsequent FISH-mapping "established orthology between the centromeric region of CFA2 and the GDI2-cREM human segment (HSA10p15/HSA10p12.1-p11.1)".

Molecular basis: Pelé et al. (2005) determined the molecular basis of this disorder by adopting a comparative positional cloning approach. Having mapped the canine disorder as described in the Mapping section above, they then studied the 208 human genes that are located in the orthologous region of chromosome HSA10p. Based on tissue expression and sequence motif, the most likely of these 208 genes was PTPLA (protein tyrosine phosphatase-like, member A). Sequencing of the canine PTPLA gene revealed the causative mutation as an insertion of a "tRNA-derived short interspersed repeat element (SINE)" in exon 2 ("PTPLA*g9459-9460ins236") which "has a striking effect on the maturation of PTPLA mRNA, whereby it can be spliced out, partially exonized or involved in multiple exon-skipping. As a result, the amount of wild-type transcripts falls to 1% in affected muscles." PTPLA is known as HACD1 in NCBI Gene.

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Clinical features: Centronuclear myopathy in Labradors presents with weakness, hypotonia, paresis and progressive skeletal muscle atrophy from at about 1 month of age (Walmsley et al., 2016). In rare cases, clinical signs may not become apparent until as late as 6 months of age. Affected dogs have abnormal deep tendon reflexes. Clinical signs become initially increasingly severe but may stabilise at approximately one year of age (Blot et al., 2002). There are a range of clinical presentations, ranging from mild disease with reduced exercise tolerance and gait abnormalities to more severe presentations involving obvious skeletal muscle atrophy and collapse. Dogs can have reduced muscle tone of the oesophagus leading to difficulties swallowing and a risk of sudden death, which can be reduced by gravity-assisted feeding (McKerrel & Braund, 1987). Clinical signs may be exacerbated by exposure to cold weather (McKerrel & Braund 1987). IT thanks DVM student Leo Rubinstein, who provided the basis of this contribution in May 2023.

Pathology: The skeletal muscle of affected dogs exhibits a number of characteristic changes including variation in fibre size, presence of angular fibres, altered oxidative staining, a predominance of type 1 myofibres, fibrosis and centralisation of nuclei (Walmsley et al., 2016). IT thanks DVM student Leo Rubinstein, who provided the basis of this contribution in May 2023.

Prevalence: Maurer et al. (2012) conducted a comprehensive world-wide survey by genotyping 7,426 Labradors from 18 countries for the PTPLA mutant reported by Pelé et al. (2005). All 80 affected dogs from 8 countries were homozygous for the same mutant allele, and none of the 1.172 heterozygous dogs from 13 countries was affected. The highest % of carriers were "found in the UK (19%), the USA (13%) and Canada (11,5%)". The UK estimate is similar to the UK estimate of 22%, reported by Owczarek-Lipska et al. (2011). Maurer et al. (2012) concluded that the mutant allele "resulted from a single and recent mutational event that may have rapidly disseminated through the extensive use of popular sires".

Breed: Labrador Retriever (Dog) (VBO_0200800).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. For breeds in which a likely causal variant has been documented, see the variant table below

Associated gene:

Symbol Description Species Chr Location OMIA gene details page Other Links
HACD1 protein tyrosine phosphatase-like (proline instead of catalytic arginine), member A Canis lupus familiaris 2 NC_051806.1 (19652419..19672996) HACD1 Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene

Variants

By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective. Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column headers.

WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.

Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.

OMIA Variant ID Breed(s) Variant Phenotype Gene Allele Type of Variant Source of Genetic Variant Reference Sequence Chr. g. or m. c. or n. p. Verbal Description EVA ID Inferred EVA rsID Year Published PubMed ID(s) Acknowledgements
924 Labrador Retriever (Dog) Centronuclear myopathy, HACD1-related HACD1 insertion, gross (>20) Naturally occurring variant CanFam3.1 2 g.19371988_19371989ins[N[236];CACACAAAGGTTT] c.203_204ins[N[236];CACACAAAGGTTT] NM_001025269.1; published as insertion of a 236 bp antisense canine tRNA-like SINE (EMBL accession no. AJ876906), flanked on both sides by a 13 bp direct duplication of the insertion site; resulting in multiple splicing defects 2005 15829503

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2023). OMIA:001374-9615: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2013 Broeckx, B.J., Coopman, F., Verhoeven, G.E., Van Haeringen, W., van de Goor, L., Bosmans, T., Gielen, I., Saunders, J.H., Soetaert, S.S., Van Bree, H., Van Neste, C., Van Nieuwerburgh, F., Van Ryssen, B., Verelst, E., Van Steendam, K., Deforce, D. :
The prevalence of nine genetic disorders in a dog population from Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. PLoS One 8:e74811, 2013. Pubmed reference: 24069350. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074811.
2012 Maurer, M., Mary, J., Guillaud, L., Fender, M., Pelé, M., Bilzer, T., Olby, N., Penderis, J., Shelton, G.D., Panthier, J.J., Thibaud, J.L., Barthélémy, I., Aubin-Houzelstein, G., Blot, S., Hitte, C., Tiret, L. :
Centronuclear myopathy in Labrador retrievers: a recent founder mutation in the PTPLA gene has rapidly disseminated worldwide. PLoS One 7:e46408, 2012. Pubmed reference: 23071563. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046408.
2011 Gentilini, F., Zambon, E., Gandini, G., Rosati, M., Spadari, A., Romagnoli, N., Turba, M.E., Gernone, F. :
Frequency of the allelic variant of the PTPLA gene responsible for centronuclear myopathy in Labrador Retriever dogs as assessed in Italy. J Vet Diagn Invest 23:124-6, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21217042.
Owczarek-Lipska, M., Thomas, A., André, C., Hölzer, S., Leeb, T. :
[Frequency of gene defects in selected European retriever populations]. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 153:418-20, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21866517. DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000236.
2005 Pelé, M., Tiret, L., Kessler, J.L., Blot, S., Panthier, J.J. :
SINE exonic insertion in the PTPLA gene leads to multiple splicing defects and segregates with the autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy in dogs. Hum Mol Genet 14:1417-27, 2005. Pubmed reference: 15829503. DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi151.
2003 Tiret, L., Blot, S., Kessler, J.L., Gaillot, H., Breen, M., Panthier, J.J. :
The cnm locus, a canine homologue of human autosomal forms of centronuclear myopathy, maps to chromosome 2 Human Genetics 113:297-306, 2003. Pubmed reference: 12884002. DOI: 10.1007/s00439-003-0984-7.
2002 Bley, T., Gaillard, C., Bilzer, T., Braund, K.G., Faissler, D., Steffen, F., Cizinauskas, S., Neumann, J., Vogtli, T., Equey, R., Jaggy, A. :
Genetic aspects of labrador retriever myopathy Research in Veterinary Science 73:231-236, 2002. Pubmed reference: 12443679.
Blot, S., Tiret, L., Devillaire, A.C., Fardeau, M., Dreyfus, P.A. :
Phenotypic description of a canine centronuclear myopathy. Journal of Neurological Science 199:S9, 2002.
2001 Olby, N.J., Sharp, N.J., Anderson, L.V., Kunkel, L.M., Bönnemann, C.G. :
Evaluation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, alpha-actinin, dysferlin and calpain 3 in an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy in Labrador retrievers. Neuromuscul Disord 11:41-9, 2001. Pubmed reference: 11166165.
1996 Gortel, K., Houston, D.M., Kuiken, T., Fries, C.L., Boisvert, B. :
Inherited myopathy in a litter of Labrador retrievers. Can Vet J 37:108-10, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8640649.
1988 Amann, JF., Laughlin, MH., Korthuis, RJ. :
Muscle hemodynamics in hereditary myopathy of Labrador retrievers. Am J Vet Res 49:1127-30, 1988. Pubmed reference: 2458692.
Watson, A.D., Farrow, B.R., Middleton, D.J., Smyth, J.B. :
Myopathy in a Labrador retriever. Aust Vet J 65:226-7, 1988. Pubmed reference: 3421890.
1987 McKerrell, R.E., Braund, K.G. :
Hereditary myopathy in Labrador Retrievers: clinical variations. Journal of Small Animal Practice 28:479–489, 1987.
Moore, MP., Reed, SM., Hegreberg, GA., Kramer, JW., Alexander, JE., Meyer, KM., Bryan, GM. :
Electromyographic evaluation of adult Labrador retrievers with type-II muscle fiber deficiency. Am J Vet Res 48:1332-6, 1987. Pubmed reference: 3662204.
1986 McKerrell, RE., Braund, KG. :
Hereditary myopathy in Labrador retrievers: a morphologic study. Vet Pathol 23:411-7, 1986. Pubmed reference: 3750734.
1984 McKerrell, R.E., Anderson, J.R., Herrtage, M.E., Littlewood, J.D., Palmer, A.C. :
Generalised muscle weakness in the Labrador retriever. Vet Rec 115:276, 1984. Pubmed reference: 6495580.
1976 Kramer, J.W., Hegreberg, G.A., Bryan, G.M., Myers, K.M., Ott, R.L. :
A muscle disorder of Labrador Retrievers characterized by deficiency of type II muscle fibers Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 169:817-820, 1976. Pubmed reference: 977449.

Edit History


  • Created by Frank Nicholas on 26 Oct 2010
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 12 Dec 2011
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 22 Oct 2012
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 13 May 2013
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 12 Dec 2017
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 09 Jun 2023