OMIA:002208-9615 : Eye malformation, SIX6-related in Canis lupus familiaris (dog)

Categories: Vision / eye phene

Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 212550 (trait) , 606326 (gene)

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance

Considered a defect: yes

Key variant known: yes

Year key variant first reported: 2019

Species-specific name: Congenital eye malformation; microphthalmos

Inheritance: Hug et al. (2019): "All cases traced back to the same male ancestor, but had quite diverse maternal lineages . . . . Seven out of 28 recorded puppies were affected and males and females were affected in equal proportions. As we could not identify any common ancestors in the maternal lines of the cases, we hypothesized an autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance as the most likely mode of inheritance."

Molecular basis: By comparing the genome sequence of one affected Golden Retriever with the sequence of 601 control genomes, Hug et al. (2019) identified a "heterozygous private nonsense variant, c.487C>T . . . in the SIX6 gene. This variant is predicted to truncate about a third of the open reading frame, p.(Gln163*) . . . We hypothesize that the residual amount of functional SIX6 protein likely to be expressed in heterozygous dogs is sufficient to explain the observed incomplete penetrance and the varying severity of the eye defects in the affected dogs."

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Prevalence: Hug et al. (2019): "All three available cases were heterozygous. Five additional close relatives including the common sire were also heterozygous, but did not show any obvious eye phenotypes. The variant was absent from the 464 unrelated Golden Retrievers and 17 non-affected siblings of the cases."

Breed: Golden Retriever (Dog) (VBO_0200610).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. For breeds in which a likely causal variant has been documented, see the variant table below

Associated gene:

Symbol Description Species Chr Location OMIA gene details page Other Links
SIX6 SIX homeobox 6 Canis lupus familiaris 8 NC_051812.1 (35799002..35801808) SIX6 Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene

Variants

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WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.

Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.

OMIA Variant ID Breed(s) Variant Phenotype Gene Allele Type of Variant Source of Genetic Variant Reference Sequence Chr. g. or m. c. or n. p. Verbal Description EVA ID Inferred EVA rsID Year Published PubMed ID(s) Acknowledgements
1098 Golden Retriever (Dog) Eye malformation, congenital SIX6 nonsense (stop-gain) Naturally occurring variant CanFam3.1 8 g.35566504C>T c.487C>T p.(Q163*) XM_547840.6:c.487C>T; XP_547840.3:p.(Gln163*) 2019 31207931

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2023). OMIA:002208-9615: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2021 Genetics Committee of the American College of Veterinary Opthalmologists :
The Blue Book: Ocular disorders presumed to be inherited in purebred dogs. 13th Edition https://ofa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ACVO-Blue-Book-2021.pdf , 2021.
2019 Hug, P., Anderegg, L., Dürig, N., Lepori, V., Jagannathan, V., Spiess, B., Richter, M., Leeb, T., Hug, P., Anderegg, L., Dürig, N., Lepori, V., Jagannathan, V., Spiess, B., Richter, M., Leeb, T. :
A SIX6 nonsense variant in Golden Retrievers with congenital eye malformations. Genes (Basel) 10, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31207931. DOI: 10.3390/genes10060454.

Edit History


  • Created by Frank Nicholas on 12 Sep 2019
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 12 Sep 2019
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 30 Sep 2021
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 17 Jun 2023