OMIA:002289-9615 : Retinal atrophy, progressive, IMPG2-related in Canis lupus familiaris (dog)

Categories: Vision / eye phene

Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 613581 (trait) , 616152 (trait) , 607056 (gene)

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal recessive

Considered a defect: yes

Key variant known: yes

Year key variant first reported: 2020

Species-specific name: Progressive retinal atrophy 4

Species-specific symbol: PRA4

Species-specific description: Many different forms of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) exist and more than 10 different genes have been identified so far in dogs to have likely causal variants for PRA. Please review OMIA for other variants. This OMIA entry will focus on PRA due the variants in the IMPG2 gene.

Mapping: Hitti-Malin et al. (2020) "undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS), which identified a 1.3 Mb disease-associated region on canine chromosome 33".

Molecular basis: Hitti-Malin et al. (2020): "whole-genome sequencing analysis that revealed a long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) insertion upstream of the IMPG2 gene."

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Clinical features: Clinical signs are consistent with a rod-cone degeneration in both eyes. Initially, there may be mild attenuation of retinal blood vessels, hyper-reflectivity of the tapetum, optic disc discolouration and night blindness. As the disease progresses, the blindness becomes moderate to severe with attenuation of retinal blood vessel; hyper-reflectivity of the tapetum, due to retinal thinning; and optic disc atrophy (Hitti-Malin et al., 2020). Of the 19 out of 21 dogs for whom an age at diagnosis is known, approximately 50% were diagnosed between the age of 5 and 8 years (Hitti-Malin et al., 2020). [IT thanks DVM student Andrew Barker, who provided the basis of this contribution in April 2022].

Prevalence: Hitti-Malin et al. (2020): "validation of this variant [the LINE-1 variant] in 447 dogs of 123 breeds determined it was private to LA dogs. . . . The recently estimated mutant allele frequency of 0.1, generated from the 911 DNA tested LA during 2 years of use of a DNA test based on this work, indicates that 1 in 100 dogs are likely to be affected with this form of PRA, and an 18% carrier frequency within the LA population."

Breed: Lhasa Apso (Dog) (VBO_0200824).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. For breeds in which a likely causal variant has been documented, see the variant table below

Associated gene:

Symbol Description Species Chr Location OMIA gene details page Other Links
IMPG2 interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2 Canis lupus familiaris 33 NC_051837.1 (7924899..7842019) IMPG2 Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene

Variants

By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective. Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column headers.

WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.

Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.

OMIA Variant ID Breed(s) Variant Phenotype Gene Allele Type of Variant Source of Genetic Variant Reference Sequence Chr. g. or m. c. or n. p. Verbal Description EVA ID Inferred EVA rsID Year Published PubMed ID(s) Acknowledgements
1253 Lhasa Apso (Dog) Progressive retinal atrophy 4 (PRA4) IMPG2 insertion, gross (>20) Naturally occurring variant CanFam3.1 33 " LINE-1 insertion was identified within the critical region in this PRA-affected LA, situated within 200 bp upstream of the interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2 (IMPG2) gene within the following coordinates: CANFA33: 7,785,475-7,785,491" (Hitti-Malin et al., 2020) 2020 32894063

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2022). OMIA:002289-9615: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2021 Genetics Committee of the American College of Veterinary Opthalmologists :
The Blue Book: Ocular disorders presumed to be inherited in purebred dogs. 13th Edition https://ofa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ACVO-Blue-Book-2021.pdf , 2021.
2020 Hitti-Malin, R.J., Burmeister, L.M., Ricketts, S.L., Lewis, T.W., Pettitt, L., Boursnell, M., Schofield, E.C., Sargan, D., Mellersh, C.S. :
A LINE-1 insertion situated in the promoter of IMPG2 is associated with autosomal recessive progressive retinal atrophy in Lhasa Apso dogs. BMC Genet 21:100, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32894063. DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00911-w.
2012 Miyadera, K., Acland, G.M., Aguirre, G.D. :
Genetic and phenotypic variations of inherited retinal diseases in dogs: the power of within- and across-breed studies. Mamm Genome 23:40-61, 2012. Pubmed reference: 22065099. DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9361-3.

Edit History


  • Created by Frank Nicholas on 26 Oct 2020
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 26 Oct 2020
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 22 May 2022