OMIA:002569-9615 : Coat colour, dark red in Canis lupus familiaris (dog)

Categories: Pigmentation phene

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: unknown

Considered a defect: no

Year key variant first reported: 2022

Species-specific description: Batcher et al. (2022): "The Poodle breed has a wide range of officially recognized coat colors, including the pheomelanin-based white, cream, apricot and red coat colors, which are not fully explained by the previously identified genetic variants involved in pigment intensity."

Mapping: Batcher et al. (2022): "a genome-wide association study for pheomelanin intensity was performed in Poodles which identified an association on canine chromosome 18."

Molecular basis: Batcher et al. (2022): "Whole genome sequencing data revealed an SNN retrocopy insertion (SNNL1) in apricot and red Poodles within the associated region on chromosome 18. ... Sanger sequencing confirmed the insertion as a full length SNN retrocopy ..., referred to here as SNNL1. SNNL1 is inserted within the intron of COG5 and 2.8kbp upstream of and in the same orientation as GPR22. The SNNL1 retrocopy sequence contains two SNV in the 3’ UTR (chr6:31,139,403 C>A and chr6:31,140,045 G>A), but is otherwise identical to the parent gene sequence. SNNL1 has a 3’ poly (A) tail approximately 27bp in length, and a 17bp target site duplication (TGTGAAATACTGAAGTT) was also observed flanking the insertion, putting the exact insertion location at chr18:13,134,248‐13,134,264. ... While equal numbers of melanocytes were observed in all Poodle skin hair bulbs, higher melanin content was observed in the darker Poodles. Several genes involved in melanogenesis were also identified as highly overexpressed in red Poodle skin. The most differentially expressed gene however was GPR22, which was highly expressed in red Poodle skin while unexpressed in white Poodle skin ... . GPR22 is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor normally expressed exclusively in the brain and heart. The SNNL1 retrocopy inserted 2.8kb upstream of GPR22 and is likely disrupting regulation of the gene, resulting in atypical expression in the skin. Thus, we identify the SNNL1 insertion as a candidate variant for the CFA18 pheomelanin intensity locus in red Poodles. ... SNNL1 copy number was highly predictive of red coat color in the breed ... . All (N=125) white Poodles had 0 copies of SNNL1, and all red Poodles (N=48) had at least one copy of SNNL1, with 38/48 of them having 2 copies. Most (19/25) apricot Poodles had 1 copy of SNNL1."

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Breed: Poodle (Dog) (VBO_0201048).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. For breeds in which a likely causal variant has been documented, see the variant table below

Associated gene:

Symbol Description Species Chr Location OMIA gene details page Other Links
GPR22 G protein-coupled receptor 22 Canis lupus familiaris 18 NC_051822.1 (13402315..13395100) GPR22 Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene

Variants

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WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.

Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.

OMIA Variant ID Breed(s) Variant Phenotype Gene Allele Type of Variant Source of Genetic Variant Reference Sequence Chr. g. or m. c. or n. p. Verbal Description EVA ID Inferred EVA rsID Year Published PubMed ID(s) Acknowledgements
1487 Poodle (Dog) Coat colour, dark red GPR22 insertion, gross (>20) Naturally occurring variant 18 insertion of a full length SNN retrocopy within the intron of COG5 and 2.8kbp upstream of GPR22 is incompletely associated with the phenotype 2022 36047852

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2022). OMIA:002569-9615: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

Reference

2022 Batcher, K., Varney, S., Affolter, V.K., Friedenberg, S.G., Bannasch, D. :
An SNN retrocopy insertion upstream of GPR22 is associated with dark red coat color in Poodles. G3 (Bethesda) 12, 2022. Pubmed reference: 36047852. DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac227.

Edit History


  • Created by Imke Tammen2 on 11 Sep 2022
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 11 Sep 2022