OMIA:000733-9796 : Multiple ocular defects in Equus caballus (horse)

In other species: dog , taurine cattle , alpaca

Categories: Vision / eye phene

Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s) (MIM number): 155550 (gene)

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal co-dominant

Considered a defect: yes

Key variant known: yes

Year key variant first reported: 2011

Species-specific name: Equine Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies; previously known as Anterior Segment Dysgenesis or Congenital Aniridia

Species-specific symbol: MCOA

Species-specific description: This disorder is a pleiotropic effect of an allele/variant for Silver coat colour; see OMIA 001438-9796 : Coat colour, silver in Equus caballus

Mapping: Andersson et al. (2008) mapped this disorder to a 4.9 Mb region on chromsome ECA6q containing the PMEL17 gene, an exon 11 missense mutation in which causes Silver coat colour (OMIA001438-9796). Furthermore, they reported that the actual missense mutation showed complete linkage with the disorder. The candidate region was narrowed to a 208kb region by Andersson, Lyberg et al. (2011).

Molecular basis: From studying the exon 11 missense Silver mutation in PMEL17 (OMIA001438-9796) in five affected ponies, Komáromy et al. (2011) concluded "Our case series supports the notion that the (still unknown) MCOA [mutation] and the PMEL17 (Silver) [mutation] are the same, or at least overlap on ECA6q23". A month later, Andersson, Axelsson et al. (2011) confirmed the above result, by showing that in Icelandic horses the disorder segregates with the missense mutation in exon 11 of PMEL17 (Arg618Cys) that causes Silver coat colour (OMIA001438-9796), but they did report three horses heterozygous for the PMEL17 mutation that did not show any clinical signs, suggesting incomplete penetrance. Andersson et al. (2013) deep-sequenced the 208kb candidate region (see Mapping section above) in "five homozygous MCOA horses from three different breeds [American Miniature, Icelandic Horse, Rocky Mountain Horse], one horse with the heterozygous Cyst phenotype [American Miniature] and four unaffected controls [American Miniature, Rocky Mountain Horse]". After excluding all SNPs and indels that did not exactly match the inheritance of the disorder in the ten sequenced horses, only two SNPs remained, both in what they called the PMEL gene (one in a nonconserved intronic region, and the other a missence mutation (Arg625Cys), which is actually the same as the silver mutation (Arg618Cys) studied by Andersson, Axelsson et al. (2011). Andersson et al. (2013) concluded that "the missense mutation is causative and has pleiotrophic effect, causing both the horse silver coat color and MCOA syndrome". Note that the current name for PMEL17 is PMEL.

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Clinical features: As summarised by Andersson et al. (2013), "Horses with the MCOA phenotype are homozygous for the disease allele and have a wide range of eye anomalies . . . . These include, but are not restricted to, uveal cysts, cornea globosa, iris stromal hypoplasia, abnormal pectinate ligaments, cataracts and iris hypoplasia . . . . Horses that are heterozygous for the disease causing allele have the less severe Cyst phenotype which mainly consists of cysts that originate from the temporal ciliary body, iris, and/or extend into the temporal, peripheral retina"

Breeds: Iceland Pony (Horse) (VBO_0000990), Kentucky Mountain Saddle, United States of America (Horse) (VBO_0016871), Missouri Fox Trotter, Germany (Horse) (VBO_0011358), Rocky Mountain, United States of America (Horse) (VBO_0011836).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. For breeds in which a likely causal variant has been documented, see the variant table below

Associated gene:

Symbol Description Species Chr Location OMIA gene details page Other Links
PMEL premelanosome protein Equus caballus 6 NC_009149.3 (74578149..74569524) PMEL Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene

Variants

By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective. Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column headers.

WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.

Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.

OMIA Variant ID Breed(s) Variant Phenotype Gene Allele Type of Variant Source of Genetic Variant Reference Sequence Chr. g. or m. c. or n. p. Verbal Description EVA ID Inferred EVA rsID Year Published PubMed ID(s) Acknowledgements
903 American Miniature Horse (Horse) Ardennes (Horse) Comtois (Horse) Iceland Pony (Horse) Missouri Fox Trotter, Germany (Horse) Morgan (Horse) Rocky Mountain, United States of America (Bighorn sheep) Coat colour, silver AND Multiple congenital ocular anomalies PMEL missense Naturally occurring variant EquCab3.0 6 g.74569773G>A c.1849C>T p.(R617C) NM_001163889.1; NP_001157361.1; previously listed in OMIA as g.73665304 and published a C (wild type) to T (Silver) transition, p.Arg618Cys, as well as p.(R625C); coordinates in this table have been updated to a recent reference genome and / or transcript rs3448111155 rs3448111155 2006 17029645 The genomic position in EquCab3.0 was provided by Mary Katherine Easterwood, working under the guidance of Professor Ernie Bailey in April 2022

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2023). OMIA:000733-9796: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2021 Herb, V.M., Zehetner, V., Blohm, K.O. :
Multiple congenital ocular anomalies in a silver coat Missouri Fox Trotter stallion. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 49:350-354, 2021. Pubmed reference: 34666370. DOI: 10.1055/a-1581-4810.
2017 Bellone, R.R. :
Genetic testing as a tool to identify horses with or at risk for ocular disorders. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 33:627-645, 2017. Pubmed reference: 29103563. DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2017.08.005.
2013 Andersson, L.S., Wilbe, M., Viluma, A., Cothran, G., Ekesten, B., Ewart, S., Lindgren, G. :
Equine multiple congenital ocular anomalies and silver coat colour result from the pleiotropic effects of mutant PMEL. PLoS One 8:e75639, 2013. Pubmed reference: 24086599. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075639.
Ségard, E.M., Depecker, M.C., Lang, J., Gemperli, A., Cadoré, J.L. :
Ultrasonographic features of PMEL17 (Silver) mutant gene-associated multiple congenital ocular anomalies (MCOA) in Comtois and Rocky Mountain horses. Vet Ophthalmol 16:429-35, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23278951. DOI: 10.1111/vop.12021.
2011 Andersson, LS., Axelsson, J., Dubielzig, RR., Lindgren, G., Ekesten, B. :
Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies in Icelandic horses. BMC Vet Res 7:21, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21615885. DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-21.
Andersson, LS., Lyberg, K., Cothran, G., Ramsey, DT., Juras, R., Mikko, S., Ekesten, B., Ewart, S., Lindgren, G. :
Targeted analysis of four breeds narrows equine Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies locus to 208 kilobases. Mamm Genome 22:353-60, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21465164. DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9325-7.
Komáromy, A.M., Rowlan, J.S., La Croix, N.C., Mangan, B.G. :
Equine Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies (MCOA) syndrome in PMEL17 (Silver) mutant ponies: five cases. Vet Ophthalmol 14:313-20, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21929608. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00878.x.
2008 Andersson, L.S., Juras, R., Ramsey, D.T., Eason-Butler, J., Ewart, S., Cothran, G., Lindgren, G. :
Equine Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies maps to a 4.9 megabase interval on horse chromosome 6. BMC Genet 9:88, 2008. Pubmed reference: 19099555. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-9-88.
Grahn, BH., Pinard, C., Archer, S., Bellone, R., Forsyth, G., Sandmeyer, LS. :
Congenital ocular anomalies in purebred and crossbred Rocky and Kentucky Mountain horses in Canada. Can Vet J 49:675-81, 2008. Pubmed reference: 19412389.
2006 Brunberg, E., Andersson, L., Cothran, G., Sandberg, K., Mikko, S., Lindgren, G. :
A missense mutation in PMEL17 is associated with the Silver coat color in the horse. BMC Genetics 7:46, 2006. Pubmed reference: 17029645. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-7-46.
2000 Ewart, S.L., Ramsey, D.T., Xu, J., Meyers, D. :
The horse homolog of congenital aniridia conforms to codominant inheritance Journal of Heredity 91:93-98, 2000. Pubmed reference: 10768120.
1999 Ramsey, DT., Ewart, SL., Render, JA., Cook, CS., Latimer, CA. :
Congenital ocular abnormalities of Rocky Mountain Horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2:47-59, 1999. Pubmed reference: 11397242.
1996 Gobel, H., Koene, M. :
Bilateral multiple congenital ocular defects in a standardbred foal [German] Pferdeheilkunde 12:3-5, 1996.

Edit History


  • Created by Frank Nicholas on 13 Sep 2010
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 10 Aug 2011
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 07 Sep 2011
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 18 Sep 2011
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 14 Oct 2011
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 09 Dec 2011
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 28 Jan 2012
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 19 Jun 2013
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 13 Oct 2013
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 12 Dec 2017
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 22 Oct 2021
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 24 Jan 2022
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 08 Dec 2023