In other species: dog , dhole , Culpeo , African hunting dog , side-striped jackal , coyote , gray wolf , black-backed jackal , red wolf , Ethiopian wolf , island gray fox , African golden wolf

Categories: Growth / size / body region phene

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: unknown

Considered a defect: no

Species-specific description: Plassais et al. (2022): “Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are the most variable-sized mammalian species on Earth … . Analyses of over 200 domestic breeds have identified approximately 20 body size genes … . Of these, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) predominates, controlling approximately 15% of body size variation between breeds [Plassais et al., 2019]. …, to identify and elucidate the role of an ancestral IGF1 allele in the propagation of modern canids, we analyzed 1,431 genome sequences from 13 species, including both ancient and modern canids, thus allowing us to define the evolutionary history of both ancestral and derived alleles at this locus. We identified a single variant [SNP rs22397284; chr15:41219654.g.T<C] …in an antisense long non-coding RNA (IGF1-AS) that interacts with the IGF1 gene, creating a duplex. While the derived mutation predominates in both modern gray wolves and large domestic breeds, the ancestral allele, which predisposes to small size, was common in small-sized breeds and smaller wild canids.”