OMIA:001415-9615 : Hyperkeratosis, epidermolytic in Canis lupus familiaris (dog)

In other species: walrus

Categories: Integument (skin) phene

Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 113800 (trait) , 609165 (trait) , 607602 (trait) , 148080 (gene)

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal

Considered a defect: yes

Key variant known: yes

Year key variant first reported: 2005

Species-specific name: Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis; epidermolytic ichthyosis

Species-specific description: This disorder is a form of ichthyosis.

Inheritance: Mode of inheritance is described as recessive in Norfolk Terriers and as likely dominant in a single Chihuahua (Credille et al., 2005; Kiener et al., 2023).

Molecular basis: By cloning and sequencing a very likely comparative candidate gene (based on the homologous human disorder), Credille et al. (2005) documented the molecular basis of this disorder in a family of Norfolk terrier dogs: "Affected dogs were homozygous for a single base GT>TT change in the consensus donor splice site of intron 5 in [the gene for keratin 10] KRT10. . . . . The mutation caused activation of at least three cryptic or alternative splice sites. Use of the cryptic sites resulted in transcripts containing premature termination codons. One transcript could result in shortening of the proximal portion of the 2B domain before the stutter region." Kiener et al. (2023) investigated an affected Chihuahua. Analysis of whole genome sequencing data identified a likely de-novo heterozygous missense variant (Chr9:21814695G>A, XM_038547368.1:c.437G>A, XP_038403296.1:p.(Arg146His)) in the KRT10 candidate gene. "Heterozygous variants affecting human Arg156, homologous to canine Arg146, have been described in several human patients with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis ... ."

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Clinical features: "Adult [Norfolk Terrier] dogs with the disease had generalized, pigmented hyperkeratosis with epidermal fragility." (Credille et al., 2005) Kiener et al. (2023) investigated an "11-month-old male Chihuahua ... with severe skin lesions gradually progressing from 5 months of age. Clinical examination revealed severe, multifocal hyperkeratosis, mainly affecting paw pads, axillas and the skin around the anus, lips and eyes ... ."

Pathology: "Light microscopic examination defined epidermolysis with hyperkeratosis; ultrastructural changes included a decrease in tonofilaments and abnormal filament aggregation in upper spinous and granular layer keratinocytes." (Credille et al., 2005) Kiener et al. (2023) reported "marked epidermal hyperplasia and orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis with hypergranulosis, forming papillary projections on the skin surface" in skin biopsies of an affected Chihuahua.

Breeds: Chihuahua (Dog) (VBO_0200338), Norfolk Terrier (Dog) (VBO_0200945).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. For breeds in which a likely causal variant has been documented, see the variant table below

Associated gene:

Symbol Description Species Chr Location OMIA gene details page Other Links
KRT10 keratin 10, type I Canis lupus familiaris 9 NC_051813.1 (22656504..22661353) KRT10 Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene

Variants

By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective. Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column headers.

WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.

Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.

OMIA Variant ID Breed(s) Variant Phenotype Gene Allele Type of Variant Source of Genetic Variant Reference Sequence Chr. g. or m. c. or n. p. Verbal Description EVA ID Inferred EVA rsID Year Published PubMed ID(s) Acknowledgements
364 Norfolk Terrier (Dog) Hyperkeratosis, epidermolytic KRT10 splicing Naturally occurring variant CanFam3.1 9 g.21866234G>T c.1125+1G>T XM_038676544.1; XP_038532472.1; experimentally confirmed splice defect; a single base GT>TT change in the consensus 5'-splice site of intron 5 2005 16029326
1579 Chihuahua (Dog) Ichthyosis, epidermolytic KRT10 missense Naturally occurring variant UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0 9 g.21814695G>A c.437G>A p.(R146H) XM_038547368.1; XP_038403296 2023 37332248

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2023). OMIA:001415-9615: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2023 Kiener, S., Åhman, S., Jagannathan, V., Soto, S., Leeb, T. :
Heterozygous KRT10 missense variant in a Chihuahua with severe epidermolytic ichthyosis. Anim Genet , 2023. Pubmed reference: 37332248. DOI: 10.1111/age.13341.
Meadows, J.R.S., Kidd, J.M., Wang, G.D., Parker, H.G., Schall, P.Z., Bianchi, M., Christmas, M.J., Bougiouri, K., Buckley, R.M., Hitte, C., Nguyen, A.K., Wang, C., Jagannathan, V., Niskanen, J.E., Frantz, L.A.F., Arumilli, M., Hundi, S., Lindblad-Toh, K., Ginja, C., Agustina, K.K., André, C., Boyko, A.R., Davis, B.W., Drögemüller, M., Feng, X.Y., Gkagkavouzis, K., Iliopoulos, G., Harris, A.C., Hytönen, M.K., Kalthoff, D.C., Liu, Y.H., Lymberakis, P., Poulakakis, N., Pires, A.E., Racimo, F., Ramos-Almodovar, F., Savolainen, P., Venetsani, S., Tammen, I., Triantafyllidis, A., vonHoldt, B., Wayne, R.K., Larson, G., Nicholas, F.W., Lohi, H., Leeb, T., Zhang, Y.P., Ostrander, E.A. :
Genome sequencing of 2000 canids by the Dog10K consortium advances the understanding of demography, genome function and architecture. Genome Biol 24:187, 2023. Pubmed reference: 37582787. DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03023-7.
2005 Barnhart, KF., Credille, KM., Ambrus, A., Dunstan, RW. :
Preservation of phenotype in an organotypic cell culture model of a recessive keratinization defect of Norfolk terrier dogs. Exp Dermatol 14:481-90, 2005. Pubmed reference: 15946235. DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00306.x.
Credille, KM., Barnhart, KF., Minor, JS., Dunstan, RW. :
Mild recessive epidermolytic hyperkeratosis associated with a novel keratin 10 donor splice-site mutation in a family of Norfolk terrier dogs. Br J Dermatol 153:51-8, 2005. Pubmed reference: 16029326. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06735.x.
2004 Barnhart, KF., Credille, KM., Ambrus, A., Dunstan, RW. :
A heritable keratinization defect of the superficial epidermis in Norfolk terriers. J Comp Pathol 130:246-54, 2004. Pubmed reference: 15053927. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2003.11.003.
2000 Mecklenburg, L., Hetzel, U., Ueberschär, S. :
Epidermolytic ichthyosis in a dog: clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. J Comp Pathol 122:307-11, 2000. Pubmed reference: 10805985. DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.1999.0371.

Edit History


  • Created by Frank Nicholas on 05 Oct 2005
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 28 Sep 2011
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 12 Dec 2011
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 16 Jan 2012
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 27 Jan 2012
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 21 Oct 2012
  • Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 20 Jun 2023