OMIA:001547-9031 : Wingless-2 in Gallus gallus (chicken)

Categories: Limbs / fins / digit / tail phene

Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 611554 (trait) , 611553 (trait) , 164760 (gene)

Links to MONDO diseases: No links.

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal recessive lethal

Considered a defect: yes

Key variant known: yes

Year key variant first reported: 2019

Species-specific symbol: wg-2

History: Webb et al. (2018): "The wingless-2 (wg-2) mutation was originally identified at the University of Connecticut in a flock of chickens synthesized from Rhode Island Red, White Leghorn, Dorking breeds, and Red Jungle Fowl (Zwilling, 1956) . . . Wg-2 was the second wingless mutation characterized in the chicken; the first, now extinct, exhibited a similar phenotype and additionally was described as having incomplete or absent lungs, air sacs, and kidneys (Waters and Bywaters, 1943)" [see OMIA 001073-9031 for details of the original wingless mutant]. Webb et al. (2018) also reported that "In the late 1980s at the University of California Davis (UCD), a congenic inbred line was established by introgression of wg-2 in order to advance mapping and gene analysis research at a time wherein genomic tools were barely envisioned, much less the advent of the chicken sequencing project to advance poultry and vertebrate biology. The Wingless-2.331 (Wg-2.331) congenic inbred line was derived by first crossing known wg-2 carriers (+/wg-2) into the UCD 331.003 congenic line (Abplanalp et al., 1992; Pisenti et al., 1999). The +/wg-2 carrier progeny were confirmed by test-mating and then used to backcross to the parent line UCD 331.003. The backcross method using confirmed carrier (+/wg-2) progeny was repeated for at least 7 generations, with 2 additional backcrosses after the line was closed to improve fertility and viability, as per available breeding records and personal communications. This labor-intensive multi-year strategy placed the wg-2 locus in a uniform genetic background (99+% inbred) such that only the introgressed region containing the mutation along with other normal polymorphisms differs between normal (+/+ or +/wg-2) and mutant (wg-2/wg-2) individuals. The line was closed (inter se matings only) and perpetuated using +/wg-2 parents as breeders after being verified by test crosses. Over more than 60 yr of breeding, Mendelian ratios fit an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance for the wg-2 mutation."

Inheritance: Citing Somes (1990) and Pisenti (1995), Webb et al. (2018) stated that the wg-2 "mutation is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and is an embryonic lethal".

Mapping: Webb et al. (2018) mapped this disorder "to a 227 kb candidate region on chicken chromosome 12".

Molecular basis: By sequencing the positional candidate region on chromosome GGA12 identified by Webb et al. (2018), in chickens from the powerful congenic line described in the History section above, Youngworth and Delany (2019) identified a likely causal variant as "a cytosine to thymine transition, resulting in a predicted stop codon in the transcript for RAF1 in wg-2/wg-2 individuals".

Genetic engineering: Unknown
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing

Clinical features: Youngworth and Delany (2019): "The phenotype of affected homozygous mutants is characterized by absent forelimbs, truncated hindlimbs, craniofacial malformations such as clefting or cross beak, and kidney and severe skin/feather malformations".

Associated gene:

Symbol Description Species Chr Location OMIA gene details page Other Links
RAF1 Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Gallus gallus 12 NC_052543.1 (5204860..5135889) RAF1 Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene

Variants

By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective. Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column headers.

WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.

Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.

OMIA Variant ID Breed(s) Variant Phenotype Gene Allele Type of Variant Source of Genetic Variant Reference Sequence Chr. g. or m. c. or n. p. Verbal Description EVA ID Inferred EVA rsID Year Published PubMed ID(s) Acknowledgements
1123 Wingless-2 RAF1 nonsense (stop-gain) Naturally occurring variant GRCg6a 12 g.5374854G>A c.175C>T p.(R59*) NC_006099.5:g.5374854G>A ENSGALT00000033956.3:c.175C>T ENSGALP00000033314.3:p.Arg59Ter rs314452077 rs314452077 2019 31075853

Cite this entry

Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2019). OMIA:001547-9031: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70

References

Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.

2019 Youngworth, I., Delany, M.E. :
A premature stop codon in RAF1 is the priority candidate causative mutation of the inherited chicken Wingless-2 developmental syndrome. Genes (Basel) 10:353, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31075853. DOI: 10.3390/genes10050353.
2018 Webb, A.E., Youngworth, I.A., Kaya, M., Gitter, C.L., O'Hare, E.A., May, B., Cheng, H.H., Delany, M.E. :
Narrowing the wingless-2 mutation to a 227 kb candidate region on chicken chromosome 12. Poult Sci 97:1872-1880, 2018. Pubmed reference: 29562287. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey073.
2012 Robb, E.A., Delany, M.E. :
Case study of sequence capture enrichment technology: identification of variation underpinning developmental syndromes in an amniote model. Genes (Basel) 3:233-47, 2012. Pubmed reference: 24704915. DOI: 10.3390/genes3020233.
1999 Pisenti, J.M., Delany, M.E., Taylor, R.L., Abbott, U.K., Abplanalp, H., Arthur, J.A., Bakst, M.R., Baxter-Jones, C., Bitgood, J.J., Bradley, F.A., Cheng, K.M., Dietert, R.R., Dodgson, J.B., Donoghue, A.M., Emsley, A.B., Etches, R.J., Frahm, R.R., Gerrits, R.J., Goetinck, P.F., Grunder, A.A., Harry, D.E., Lamont, S.J., Martin, G.R., McGuire, P.E., Moberg, G.P., Pierro, L.J., Qualset, C.O., Qureshi, M.A., Shultz, F.T., Wilson, B.W. :
Avian genetic resources at risk: An assessment and proposal for conservation of genetic stocks in the USA and Canada. GRCP Report No. 20. Univ. California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Genetic Resources Conservation Program, Davis CA. http://grcp.ucdavis.edu/publications/index.htm. , 1999.
1996 Dealy, C.N., Kosher, R.A. :
Igf-i, insulin and fgfs induce outgrowth of the limb buds of amelic mutant chick embryos Development 122:1323-1330, 1996. Pubmed reference: 8620859.
1995 Pisenti, J.M. :
Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Expression of the Mutation wingless-2 in the Chick Embryo. Ph.D. Thesis, University California, Davis, CA, USA , 1995.
1992 Abplanalp, H., Sato, K., Napolitano, D., Reid, J. :
Reproductive performance of inbred congenic Leghorns carrying different haplotypes for the major histocompatibility complex. Poult Sci 71:9-17, 1992. Pubmed reference: 1539027. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0710009.
1990 Somes, R.G. Jr :
Lethal mutant traits in chickens. In "Poultry Breeding and Genetics" (ed. R.D. Crawford), Elsevier, Amsterdam; Chapter 11 :293-315, 1990.
1956 Zwilling, E. :
Interaction between limb bud ectoderm and mesoderm in the chick embryo. IV. experiments with a wingless mutant. Journal of Experimental Zoology 132:241-251, 1956.
1943 Waters, N.F., Bywaters, J.H. :
Lethal embryonic wing mutation in the domestic fowl. Journal of Heredity 34:213-217, 1943.

Edit History


  • Created by Frank Nicholas on 26 Feb 2011
  • Changed by Frank Nicholas on 24 Sep 2019