OMIA:001674-9615 : Retinal atrophy - Cone-rod dystrophy 1 in Canis lupus familiaris (dog) |
Categories: Vision / eye phene
Links to possible relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s) in OMIM: 163500 (trait) , 613801 (trait) , 180072 (gene)
Single-gene trait/disorder: yes
Mode of inheritance: Autosomal recessive
Disease-related: yes
Key variant known: yes
Year key variant first reported: 2013
Species-specific symbol: crd1
History: This disorder was first reported and given the symbol crd1 by Kijas et al. (2004), in a family of American Staffordshire Terriers.
Mapping: By conducting a GWAS on 17 affected and 18 control dogs from a colony of American Staffordshire Terriers segregating the disorder, each genotyped for 173,662 SNPs on the Illumina HD Canine SNP chip, Goldstein et al. (2013) mapped crd1 to a region of chromosome CFA3. Homozygosity mapping identified a 1.05 Mb candidate block at the telomeric end of CFA3.
Molecular basis: Sequencing of a likely candidate gene (PDE6B) in the candidate block (see Mapping section) enabled Goldstein et al. (2013) to identify the causal mutation to be "a three-bases-deletion . . . in exon 21 of the gene in the affected dogs (c.2404-2406del, CFA3: 94,574,289-94,574,291), in-frame with the protein . . . . This mutation would result in a deletion of the amino acid asparagine at position 802 of the protein (p.802del)".
Clinical features: As reported by Kijas et al. (2004): "early, severe, and rapidly progressive loss of cone function accompanied by progressive rod loss that is only relatively slower". Very similar clinical signs were reported by Kijas et al. (2004) in a family of Pit Bull Terriers, but these authors showed that the two disorders are not allelic, and consequently named the other disorder crd2 (see OMIA 001675-9615)
Pathology: As reported by Goldstein et al. (2013): "At 11 weeks postnatal age, the earliest time-point examined, the outer nuclear layer (ONL) of the crd1-affected retina was reduced to between 6 to 8 nuclei in thickness . . . . Photoreceptor IS [inner segments] and OS [outer segments] were distinctly distorted, with rod IS more severely affected than those of cones. Relatively few OS of either rods or cones were recognizable, and the profiles that comprised the putative ISL and OSL (i.e. the layer between the outer limiting membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium) were sparse and disarrayed (Figure 2C). By 20 months of age, the crd1-affected retina was in an advanced state of degeneration, with less than 2-3 ONL cells"
Breed:
American Staffordshire Terrier (Dog) (VBO_0200055).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. (If a likely causal variant has been documented for the phene, see the variant table breeds in which the variant has been reported).
Associated gene:
Symbol | Description | Species | Chr | Location | OMIA gene details page | Other Links |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PDE6B | phosphodiesterase 6B, cGMP-specific, rod, beta | Canis lupus familiaris | 3 | NC_051807.1 (92774237..92746064) | PDE6B | Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene |
Variants
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WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.
Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.
OMIA Variant ID | Breed(s) | Variant Phenotype | Gene | Allele | Type of Variant | Source of Genetic Variant | Reference Sequence | Chr. | g. or m. | c. or n. | p. | Verbal Description | EVA ID | Year Published | PubMed ID(s) | Acknowledgements |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
528 | American Staffordshire Terrier (Dog) | Cone-rod dystrophy 1 | PDE6B | deletion, small (<=20) | Naturally occurring variant | CanFam3.1 | 3 | g.91747728_91747730del | c.2404_2406del | p.(802del) | NM_001002934.1; NP_001002934.1 | 2013 | 24045995 |
Cite this entry
Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2013). OMIA:001674-9615: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
2023 | Ghilardi, S., Bagardi, M., Frattini, S., Barbariga, G.E., Brambilla, P.G., Minozzi, G., Polli, M. : |
Genotypic and allelic frequencies of progressive rod-cone degeneration and other main variants associated with progressive retinal atrophy in Italian dogs. Vet Rec Open 10:e77, 2023. Pubmed reference: 38028226. DOI: 10.1002/vro2.77. | |
2021 | Genetics Committee of the American College of Veterinary Opthalmologists : |
The Blue Book: Ocular disorders presumed to be inherited in purebred dogs. 13th Edition https://ofa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ACVO-Blue-Book-2021.pdf , 2021. | |
2016 | Palanova, A. : |
The genetics of inherited retinal disorders in dogs: implications for diagnosis and management. Vet Med (Auckl) 7:41-51, 2016. Pubmed reference: 30050836. DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S63537. | |
2013 | Goldstein, O., Mezey, J.G., Schweitzer, P.A., Boyko, A.R., Gao, C., Bustamante, C.D., Jordan, J.A., Aguirre, G.D., Acland, G.M. : |
IQCB1 and PDE6B mutations cause similar early onset retinal degenerations in two closely related terrier dog breeds. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:7005-19, 2013. Pubmed reference: 24045995. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12915. | |
2012 | Miyadera, K., Acland, G.M., Aguirre, G.D. : |
Genetic and phenotypic variations of inherited retinal diseases in dogs: the power of within- and across-breed studies. Mamm Genome 23:40-61, 2012. Pubmed reference: 22065099. DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9361-3. | |
2004 | Kijas, J.W., Zangerl, B., Miller, B., Nelson, J., Kirkness, E.F., Aguirre, G.D., Acland, G.M. : |
Cloning of the canine ABCA4 gene and evaluation in canine cone-rod dystrophies and progressive retinal atrophies. Mol Vis 10:223-32, 2004. Pubmed reference: 15064680. |
Edit History
- Created by Frank Nicholas on 07 Dec 2011
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 07 Dec 2011
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 24 Sep 2013