OMIA:002141-9796 : Myositis, immune-mediated in Equus caballus (horse) |
Categories: Muscle phene
Links to possible relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s) in OMIM: 160750 (trait) , 160730 (gene)
Single-gene trait/disorder: yes
Mode of inheritance: Autosomal
Disease-related: yes
Key variant known: yes
Year key variant first reported: 2018
Species-specific name: myosin heavy chain myopathy
Species-specific symbol: IMM
Inheritance: Finno et al. (2018): "Pedigree analysis supported either an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive mode of inheritance."
Mapping: Finno et al. (2018): "A genome-wide association (GWA) study . . . on 36 IMM [Quarter Horses] QHs and 54 breed matched unaffected QHs from the same environment using the Equine SNP50 and SNP70 genotyping arrays . . . identified nine SNPs within a ~ 2.87 Mb region on chr11 that were significantly (Punadjusted < 1.4 × 10− 6) associated with the [immune-mediated myositis] IMM phenotype."
Molecular basis: Finno et al. (2018) reported that "Whole genome sequencing of four IMM and four unaffected QHs identified a single segregating nonsynonymous E321G mutation in [a positional candidate gene] MYH1 encoding myosin heavy chain 2X. Genotyping of additional 35 IMM and 22 unaffected QHs confirmed an association (P = 2.9 × 10− 5), and the putative mutation was absent in 175 horses from 21 non-QH breeds."
Clinical features: Finno et al. (2018): "immune-mediated myositis (IMM) [is] . . . characterized by recurrent, rapid-onset muscle atrophy in Quarter Horses (QH)"
Pathology: Finno et al. (2018): "The histopathologic hallmark of IMM is lymphocytic infiltration of myofibers."
Prevalence: Gianino et al. (2019): "The E321G MYH1 variant allele frequency was 0.034 ± 0.011 in the general QH population (6.8% of individuals in the breed) and the highest among the reining (0.135 ± 0.040; 24.3% of reiners), working cow (0.085 ± 0.031), and halter (0.080 ± 0.027) performance subgroups. The E321G MYH1 variant was present in cutting (0.044 ± 0.022) and Western Pleasure (0.021 ± 0.015) QHs at lower frequency and was not observed in barrel racing or racing QHs. Knowing that reining and working cow QHs have the highest prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant and that the variant is more prevalent than the alleles for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in the general QH population will guide the use of genetic testing for diagnostic and breeding purposes." Albuquerque et al. (2022) “report of two related QH foals with the E321G MYH1 mutation that had clinical signs of MYHM, with histological confirmation of IMM in one of the foals. This prompted an investigation the aim of which was to determine the allele frequency of the E321G MYH1 variant across QHs using a DNA archive in Brazil. … Of the 299 genotyped QHs, 44 animals (14.7%) were heterozygous (My/N) for the E321G MYH1 variant, and 255 (85.3%) were homozygous for the wild-type allele (N/N), implying an allele frequency of 0.074.”
Genetic testing: Finno et al. (2018) concluded that their "results suggest that rather than consistently causing a myopathy, homozygosity and, in some cases, heterozygosity for the MYH1 variant predisposed horses to a myopathy under certain environmental triggers." In other words, the jury is still undecided in relation to the utility of genotyping for this variant as a means of selecting against the disorder.
Breeds:
Belgian Draft (Horse) (VBO_0000915),
Quarter Horse (Horse) (VBO_0001057),
Welsh Pony (Horse) (VBO_0001091).
Breeds in which the phene has been documented. (If a likely causal variant has been documented for the phene, see the variant table breeds in which the variant has been reported).
Associated gene:
Symbol | Description | Species | Chr | Location | OMIA gene details page | Other Links |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MYH1 | myosin, heavy chain 1, skeletal muscle, adult | Equus caballus | 11 | NC_009154.3 (53350918..53325909) | MYH1 | Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene |
Variants
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WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.
Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.
OMIA Variant ID | Breed(s) | Variant Phenotype | Gene | Allele | Type of Variant | Source of Genetic Variant | Reference Sequence | Chr. | g. or m. | c. or n. | p. | Verbal Description | EVA ID | Year Published | PubMed ID(s) | Acknowledgements |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
973 | Belgian Draft (Horse) Quarter Horse (Horse) Welsh Pony (Horse) | Immune-mediated myositis | MYH1 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 11 | NC_009154.3:g.53345548T>C | NM_001081759.1:c.959A>G | NM_001081759.1:p.(E320G) | The location of this likely causal variant was given as chr11:52,993,878T>C by Finno et al. (2018) in relation to the EquCab2.0 assembly. Applying NCBI's remap gives the EquCab3.0 coordinate as chr11:53,345,548 and p.(E320G) | rs3435577028 | 2018 | 29510741 | Breed information updated based on PMID: 38600096 |
Cite this entry
Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2024). OMIA:002141-9796: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
2024 | Aleman, M. : |
Inflammatory and immune-mediated myopathies, what do we know? Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 40:207-218, 2024. Pubmed reference: 38852014. DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2024.05.003. | |
Durward-Akhurst, S.A., Marlowe, J.L., Schaefer, R.J., Springer, K., Grantham, B., Carey, W.K., Bellone, R.R., Mickelson, J.R., McCue, M.E. : | |
Predicted genetic burden and frequency of phenotype-associated variants in the horse. Sci Rep 14:8396, 2024. Pubmed reference: 38600096. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57872-8. | |
Faccin, M., Landsgaard, K.A., Milliron, S.M., Jennings, A.H., Keith Chaffin, M., Giaretta, P.R., Rech, R.R. : | |
Myosin heavy-chain myopathy in 2 American quarter horses. Vet Pathol 61:462-467, 2024. Pubmed reference: 37818977. DOI: 10.1177/03009858231204253. | |
Sperandio, L.M.S., Lago, G.R., Albertino, L.G., Araújo, C.E.T., Ferreira, C., Borges, A.S., Oliveira-Filho, J.P. : | |
Allele frequency of muscular genetic disorders in bull-catching (vaquejada) quarter horses. J Equine Vet Sci 136:S0737-0806(24)00059-5:105052, 2024. Pubmed reference: 38531516. DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105052. | |
2022 | Aleman, M., Scalco, R., Malvick, J., Grahn, R.A., True, A., Bellone, R.R. : |
Prevalence of genetic mutations in horses with muscle disease from a neuromuscular disease laboratory. J Equine Vet Sci 118:104129, 2022. Pubmed reference: 36150530. DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104129. | |
de Albuquerque, A.L., Zanzarini Delfiol, D.J., Andrade, D.G.A., Albertino, L.G., Sonne, L., Borges, A.S., Valberg, S.J., Finno, C.J., Oliveira-Filho, J.P. : | |
Prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant in Brazilian Quarter horses. Equine Vet J 54:952-957, 2022. Pubmed reference: 34606642. DOI: 10.1111/evj.13521. | |
Valberg, S.J., Schultz, A.E., Finno, C.J., Bellone, R.R., Hughes, S.S. : | |
Prevalence of clinical signs and factors impacting expression of myosin heavy chain myopathy in Quarter Horse-related breeds with the MYH1 E321G mutation. J Vet Intern Med 36:1152-1159, 2022. Pubmed reference: 35426178. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16417. | |
2021 | Ochala, J., Finno, C.J., Valberg, S.J. : |
Myofibre hyper-contractility in horses expressing the myosin heavy chain myopathy mutation, MYH1 E321G. Cells 10:3428, 2021. Pubmed reference: 34943936. DOI: 10.3390/cells10123428. | |
2019 | Gianino, G.M., Valberg, S.J., Perumbakkam, S., Henry, M.L., Gardner, K., Penedo, C., Finno, C.J., Gianino, G.M., Valberg, S.J., Perumbakkam, S., Henry, M.L., Gardner, K., Penedo, C., Finno, C.J. : |
Prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant for immune-mediated myositis and nonexertional rhabdomyolysis in performance subgroups of American Quarter Horses. J Vet Intern Med 33:897-901, 2019. Pubmed reference: 30623495. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15393. | |
2018 | Durward-Akhurst, S.A., Valberg, S.J. : |
Immune-Mediated Muscle Diseases of the Horse. Vet Pathol 55:68-75, 2018. Pubmed reference: 28129093. DOI: 10.1177/0300985816688755. | |
Finno, C.J., Gianino, G., Perumbakkam, S., Williams, Z.J., Bordbari, M.H., Gardner, K.L., Burns, E., Peng, S., Durward-Akhurst, S.A., Valberg, S.J. : | |
A missense mutation in MYH1 is associated with susceptibility to immune-mediated myositis in Quarter Horses. Skelet Muscle 8:7, 2018. Pubmed reference: 29510741. DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0155-0. | |
2007 | Lewis, S.S., Valberg, S.J., Nielsen, I.L. : |
Suspected immune-mediated myositis in horses. J Vet Intern Med 21:495-503, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17552457. DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[495:simih]2.0.co;2. |
Edit History
- Created by Frank Nicholas on 09 Mar 2018
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 09 Mar 2018
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 05 Feb 2019
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 15 May 2020
- Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 08 Oct 2021
- Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 08 Sep 2022
- Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 15 Nov 2022
- Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 04 Jun 2024