OMIA 002270-8932 : Ptilopody (Feathered shank), PITX1-related in Columba livia |
In other species: chicken
Category: Limbs / digit / tail phene
Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 119800 (trait) , 186550 (trait) , 602149 (gene)
Links to MONDO diseases: No links.
Mendelian trait/disorder: yes
Considered a defect: no
Key variant known: yes
Year key variant first reported: 2016
Inheritance: As summarised by Domyan et al. (2016), "Classical studies in pigeon suggest two major-effect loci – grouse (gr) and Slipper (Sl) – are responsible for most of the variation in foot feathering (Doncaster, 1912; Wexelsen, 1934; Hollander, 1937; Levi, 1986). Through a combination of genetic, genomic, and developmental approaches, our data implicate regulatory mutations in the limb outgrowth and identity genes Pitx1 and Tbx5 as the molecular identities of the gr and Sl locus, respectively".
Mapping: Domyan et al. (2016) "identified [2 major QTL] in two linkage groups (LG11 and LG20) that had significant effects on three different aspects of foot feathering". In addition, using "probabilistic whole-genome scans of allele frequency differentiation across a genetically and phenotypically diverse panel of breeds by comparing 15 feather-footed birds (4 groused and 11 muffed) to 28 scale-footed birds", the same authors showed that the region corresponding to LG11 includes a 44kb deletion adjacent to the Pitx1 gene, and that the LG20 region includes the Tbx5 gene. As these authors noted, "These regions were especially intriguing because these two genes encode key transcriptional regulators of forelimb (Tbx5) and hindlimb (Pitx1) identity and development".
Molecular basis: Domyan et al. (2016) "found that feathered feet in pigeons result from a partial transformation from hindlimb to forelimb identity mediated by cis-regulatory changes in the genes encoding the hindlimb-specific transcription factor Pitx1 (this entry) and forelimb-specific transcription factor Tbx5" (see OMIA 000839-8932). These same authors reported that the QTL in LG20 (in which the gene Pitx1 resides) "contained a 44-kb deletion (from 6.719–6.763 Mb) that was homozygous in 10, and heterozygous in 2 of the 15 feather-footed birds". In other words, Domyan et al. (2016) reported a deletion variant for feathered shank that is very near to the gene Pitx1.
Associated gene:
| Symbol | Description | Species | Chr | Location | OMIA gene details page | Other Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PITX1 | paired-like homeodomain 1 | Columba livia | NW_004973290.1 (6976674..6993073) | PITX1 | Homologene, Ensembl, NCBI gene |
Variants
By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective. Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column headers.
WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.
Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.
| OMIA Variant ID | Breed(s) | Variant Phenotype | Gene | Allele | Type of Variant | Source of Genetic Variant | Reference Sequence | Chr. | g. or m. | c. or n. | p. | Verbal Description | EVA ID | Inferred EVA rsID | Year Published | PubMed ID(s) | Acknowledgements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1212 | Feathered shank | PITX1 | deletion, gross (>20) | Naturally occurring variant | "a 44-kb deletion (from 6.719–6.763 Mb)" (Domyan et al., 2016) | 2016 | 26977633 |
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
| 2020 | Bortoluzzi, C., MegenS, H.J., Bosse, M., Derks, M.F.L., Dibbits, B., Laport, K., Weigend, S., Groenen, M.A.M., Crooijmans, R.P.M.A. : | >
| Parallel genetic origin of foot feathering in birds. Mol Biol Evol :, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32344429. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa092. | |
| Li, J., Lee, M., Davis, B.W., Lamichhaney, S., Dorshorst, B.J., Siegel, P.B., Andersson, L. : | >|
| Mutations upstream of the TBX5 and PITX1 transcription factor genes are associated with feathered legs in the domestic chicken. Mol Biol Evol :, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32344431. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa093. | |
| 2019 | Boer, E.F., Van Hollebeke, H.F., Park, S., Infante, C.R., Menke, D.B., Shapiro, M.D. : | >
| Pigeon foot feathering reveals conserved limb identity networks. Dev Biol 454:128-144, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31247188. DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.06.015. | |
| 2016 | Domyan, E.T., Kronenberg, Z., Infante, C.R., Vickrey, A.I., Stringham, S.A., Bruders, R., Guernsey, M.W., Park, S., Payne, J., Beckstead, R.B., Kardon, G., Menke, D.B., Yandell, M., Shapiro, M.D. : | >
| Molecular shifts in limb identity underlie development of feathered feet in two domestic avian species. Elife 5:e12115, 2016. Pubmed reference: 26977633. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.12115. | |
| 1986 | Levi, W.M. : | >
| The Pigeon. Levi Publishing Co., Inc: Sumter :, 1986. | |
| 1937 | Hollander, W.F. : | >
| Hereditary Interrelationships of Certain Factors in Pigeons. Department of Genetics. University of Wisconsin :pp. 67, 1937. | |
| 1934 | Wexelsen, H. : | >
| Types of leg feathering in pigeons Hereditas 18:192-198, 1934. | |
| 1912 | Doncaster, L. : | >
| Notes on inheritance of colour and other characters in pigeons. Journal of Genetics 2:89-98, 1912. DOI: 10.1007/BF02984337. |
Edit History
- Created by Frank Nicholas on 24 May 2020
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 03 Jun 2020
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 09 Jun 2020