In other species: goldfish , rainbow trout , guppy , swordtail and platyfish , Nile tilapia , gilthead seabream , barramundi perch , green and golden bell frog , common lizard , Mallard , sheepshead swordtail , Garter snake , bark anole , Guadeloupean anole , , sailfin molly , ball python , Midas cichlid , blacktip shark , common wall lizard , Italian wall lizard , three-spined stickleback , blue discus , Sand lizard , common chameleon , flapneck chameleon , mimic poison frog , Asian bonytongue , eastern dwarf tree frog , southern flounder , leopard coralgrouper , White's rock-skink , , starry flounder , delicate skink , red-top cobalt mbuna , yellowband tropheus , Sagus Kul lizard , toad-headed agama , , Oujiang color common carp , poison dart frogs , pumpkin toadlet , Blue Regal "Mbenji" Peacock

Categories: Pigmentation phene

Mendelian trait/disorder: unknown

Disease-related: no

Species-specific description: Palmiotti et al. (2023) "knocked out three genes: alkal2l, bco1l, and mitfa, and analyzed their effects on viability and pigmentation. ... [The authors concluded that their] method for obtaining CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts in betta is efficient and effective, that a homozygous knockout of bco1l is lethal, and that alkal2l is critical for blue coloration." This study involves genetically modified organisms (GMO).

Genetic engineering: Yes - in addition to the occurrence of natural variants, variants have been created artificially, e.g. by genetic engineering or gene editing
Have human generated variants been created, e.g. through genetic engineering and gene editing