OMIA:002229-9685 : Hypotrichosis, HR-related in Felis catus (domestic cat) |
In other species: bottlenosed dolphin , beluga whale , minke whale , pig , sheep , Indo-Pacific finless porpoise , long-beaked common dolphin , Yangtze River dolphin , Omura's baleen whale
Categories: Integument (skin) phene
Links to possible relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s) in OMIM: 203655 (trait) , 602302 (gene)
Single-gene trait/disorder: yes
Mode of inheritance: Autosomal recessive
Disease-related: yes
Key variant known: yes
Year key variant first reported: 2020
Cross-species summary: Also known as Hairless
Species-specific description: " A recently developed breed, the lykoi (a.k.a. werewolf cat), was bred from cats with a sparse hair coat with roaning, implying full color and all white hairs. The lykoi phenotype is a form of hypotrichia, presenting as a significant reduction in the average numbers of follicles per hair follicle group as compared to domestic shorthair cats, a mild to severe perifollicular to mural lymphocytic infiltration in 77% of observed hair follicle groups, and the follicles are often miniaturized, dilated, and dysplastic. . . . The breeding program was established in 2011 by a veterinarian who has constantly monitored health in the cats [http://lykoikitten.com/history/]. No health concerns have been identified in the lykoi other than the lymphocytic mural folliculitis." (Buckley et al., 2020)
History: Buckley et al. (2020): "The lykoi is a very recently developed novelty breed with a sparse hair coat and black and white hair roaning, hence named from the Greek term lycos for wolf. To maintain diversity in the founding population, the breeders have actively recruited cats with similar phenotypes for the breeding program, resulting in six different “foundation” lineages identified in this study from 16 potential founders. The breed is growing in popularity due to the novelty of the appearance, the lack of concern for health problems and the charismatic name and nature. The breed was accepted for full championship showing by TICA [The International Cat Association. Available online: https://tica.org/] in May 2017".
Molecular basis: Buckley et al. (2020): "Whole genome sequencing was conducted on a single lykoi cat that was a cross between two independently ascertained lineages. Comparison to the 99 Lives dataset of 194 non-lykoi cats suggested two variants in the cat homolog for Hairless (HR) (HR lysine demethylase and nuclear receptor corepressor) as candidate causal gene variants. The lykoi cat was a compound heterozygote for two loss of function variants in HR, an exon 3 c.1255_1256dupGT (chrB1:36040783), which should produce a stop codon at amino acid 420 (p.Gln420Serfs*100) and, an exon 18 c.3389insGACA (chrB1:36051555), which should produce a stop codon at amino acid position 1130 (p.Ser1130Argfs*29). Ascertainment of 14 additional cats from founder lineages from Canada, France and different areas of the USA identified four additional loss of function HR variants likely causing the highly similar phenotypic hair coat across the diverse cats".
Clinical features: Buckley et al. (2020): "A recently developed breed of cat, termed the lykoi . . . , presents a unique form of hypotrichia . . . . Lykoi have a significant reduction in the average numbers of follicles per hair follicle group as compared to domestic shorthair cats, a mild to severe perifollicular to mural lymphocytic infiltration in 77% of observed hair follicle groups, and the follicles are often miniaturized, dilated, and dysplastic. Individual hairs of the coat are either normal coloration or all white, producing a roaning effect. The undercoats are sparse."
Associated gene:
Symbol | Description | Species | Chr | Location | OMIA gene details page | Other Links |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | NCBI Gene ID: 101090097 | Felis catus | B1 | NC_058371.1 (35875523..35891321) | HR | Homologene, Ensembl , NCBI gene |
Variants
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WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.
Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.
OMIA Variant ID | Breed(s) | Variant Phenotype | Gene | Allele | Type of Variant | Source of Genetic Variant | Reference Sequence | Chr. | g. or m. | c. or n. | p. | Verbal Description | EVA ID | Year Published | PubMed ID(s) | Acknowledgements |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1222 | Lykoi (Cat) | Hypotrichia and Roaning | HR | hr^TN | duplication | Naturally occurring variant | Felis_catus_9.0 | B1 | g.36040784_36040785dup | c.1255_1256dup | p.(Q420Sfs*100) | ENSFCAT00000012982.5; ENSFCAP00000012037.2; published as c.1255_1256dupGT | 2020 | 32580512 | ||
1224 | Lykoi (Cat) | Hypotrichia and Roaning | HR | hr^Fr | splicing | Naturally occurring variant | Felis_catus_9.0 | B1 | g.36040933delinsCAG | c.1404+2delinsCAG | ENSFCAT00000012982.5; ENSFCAP00000012037.2; published as c.1404+2delTinsCAG; changed to HGVS nomenclature in this table; "This variant should extend and change the reading frame, including an additional 24 amino acids in the aberrant protein before a stop codon is recognized. Alternatively, a cryptic splice site may be used from within intron 4." (Buckley et al., 2020) | 2020 | 32580512 | |||
1225 | Lykoi (Cat) | Hypotrichia and Roaning | HR | hr^TX | splicing | Naturally occurring variant | Felis_catus_9.0 | B1 | g.36045776G>A | c.2112G>A | ENSFCAT00000012982.5; ENSFCAP00000012037.2; "This variant likely disrupts the splice donor allowing read-through for an additional 12 amino acids until a stop codon is encountered .... Alternatively, a cryptic splice site may be used from within intron 8." (Buckley et al., 2020) | rs5334475128 | 2020 | 32580512 | ||
1226 | Lykoi (Cat) | Hypotrichia and Roaning | HR | hr^NC | nonsense (stop-gain) | Naturally occurring variant | Felis_catus_9.0 | B1 | g.36047047C>T | c.2243C>T | p.(R748*) | rs5334475155 | 2020 | 32580512 | ||
1227 | Lykoi (Cat) | Hypotrichia and Roaning | HR | hr^Ca | nonsense (stop-gain) | Naturally occurring variant | Felis_catus_9.0 | B1 | g.36047518C>T | c.2593C>T | p.(Q865*) | ENSFCAT00000012982.5; ENSFCAP00000012037.2 | rs5334475120 | 2020 | 32580512 | |
1223 | Lykoi (Cat) | Hypotrichia and Roaning | HR | hr^VA | insertion, small (<=20) | Naturally occurring variant | Felis_catus_9.0 | B1 | g.36051555_36051556insGACA | c.3389_3390insGACA | p.(S1130Rfs*29) | ENSFCAT00000012982.5; ENSFCAP00000012037.2; published as g.36051555insGACA and c.3389insGACA; changed to HGVS nomenclature in this table | 2020 | 32580512 |
Cite this entry
Nicholas, F. W., Tammen, I., & Sydney Informatics Hub. (2021). OMIA:002229-9685: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) [dataset]. https://omia.org/. https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
2021 | Rodney, A.R., Buckley, R.M., Fulton, R.S., Fronick, C., Richmond, T., Helps, C.R., Pantke, P., Trent, D.J., Vernau, K.M., Munday, J.S., Lewin, A.C., Middleton, R., Lyons, L.A., Warren, W.C. : |
A domestic cat whole exome sequencing resource for trait discovery. Sci Rep 11:7159, 2021. Pubmed reference: 33785770. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86200-7. | |
2020 | Buckley, R.M., Gandolfi, B., Creighton, E.K., Pyne, C.A., Bouhan, D.M., LeRoy, M.L., Senter, D.A., Gobble, J.R., Abitbol, M., Lyons, L.A. : |
Werewolf, there wolf: Variants in Hairless associated with hypotrichia and roaning in the Lykoi cat breed. Genes (Basel) 11:682, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32580512. DOI: 10.3390/genes11060682. | |
2016 | LeRoy, M.L., Senter, D.A., Kim, D.Y., Gandolfi, B., Middleton, J.R., Trainor, K.E., Bouhan, D.M., Lyons, L.A. : |
Clinical and Histologic Description of Lykoi Cat Hair Coat and Skin Japanese Journal of Veterinary Dermatology 22:179-191, 2016. |
Edit History
- Created by Frank Nicholas on 27 Jan 2020
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 27 Jan 2020
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 30 Jun 2020
- Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 16 Jun 2021