OMIA 000209-9796 : Coat colour, dominant white in Equus caballus |
Negro et al. (2017): "a missense mutation (p.Arg682His) in KIT [= allele W20] was associated with white facial markings (P < 0.05) and with total white markings (P < 0.05) in PRMe horses. The relative contribution of this variant to white markings in PRMe horses was estimated at 47.6% (head) and 43.4% (total score). In PRE horses, this variant was also associated with hindlimb scores (P < 0.05) with a relative contribution of 41.2%."
Capomaccio et al. (2017) reported a de novo likely causal (splicing) variant (NC_009146.2:g.77736559C>T, called allele W24) in a white Italian Trotter born to two non-white (bay) parents.
Hoban et al. (2018) reported three new likely causal variants, which they designated "W25 (p.Leu223Pro) [in a Thoroughbred family], W26 (p.Ser846Valfs*15) [in the same Thoroughbred family] and W27 (p.Cys491Trp) [in a second Thoroughbred family]". These authors also identified variant W13 in a Miniature Horse family.
Hug et al. (2019) reported a "1273‐bp deletion spanning parts of intron 2 and exon 3 of the equine KIT gene" as the likely causal variant for "a German Riding Pony with white‐spotting coat colour phenotype" very similar to that attributed to allele W22 (see above). The authors designated this newly-reported variant as W28.
Table S1 of Hug et al. (2019) provides details of all KIT alleles (plus alleles at PAX3, MITF and EDNRB) known in June 2019.
Martin et al. (2020) reported that "extensive coat white patterning in a family of Berber horses" is due to "a single missense mutation (g.79548244, c.2020T>A; p.L674H) at the site of the second W17 variant. We propose to designate this variant as W30."
Patterson Rosa et al. (2021) “performed a candidate-gene exon sequencing approach on KIT and MITF … within 2 families of horses of unknown white spotting. Family 1 (Fam1, N = 5) consisted of a Quarter Horse stallion and 4 offspring with white spotting pattern ranging from legs, lower ventral, and head regions with jagged borders, to almost complete white. The second family (Fam2, N = 7) consisted of 6 half-sibling American Paint Horse/Quarter Horse and their dam, demonstrating unpigmented limbs with belly spots and an extensive white patterning on the face. … This approach resulted in 2 variants significantly associated with familial phenotypes, where Fam1 variant is an indel leading to a frameshift mutation [= allele W31], and Fam2 a non-synonymous SNP [= allele W32]. … W32, may have a subtle impact on receptor function or could be in linkage with a non-coding or regulatory change creating the mild spotting pattern observed in this family.”
Esdaile et al. (2021): "Screening 19 unregistered all-white Shetland ponies for 16 white patterning markers identified 14 individuals whose phenotype could not be explained by testing results. In evaluating other known dominant white variants, 14 horses were heterozygous for W13. ... Genotyping known white spotting variants in 30 owner-reported white animals (25 Miniature Horses and five Shetland ponies) identified two additional W13/N American Miniature Horses. No homozygous W13 individuals were identified and W13/N ponies had a similar all-white coat with pink skin phenotype, regardless of the other white spotting variants present, demonstrating that W13 results in a Mendelian inherited dominant white phenotype and homozygosity is likely lethal."
Esdaile et al. (2022) reported "KIT:c.2783A>T as a causal de novo variant for the sabino-like pattern of a Standardbred", naming this variant as W33.
Prevalence: Druml et al. (2018) reported that the SB1 variant is "present in three breeds (Haflinger, 14 out of 98; Noriker, four out of 189; Lipizzan one out of 329) . . . None of the SB1/sb1-carrier horses met the criteria defining the Sabino1 pattern according to current applied protocols."Esdaile et al. (2021): "The estimated allele frequency of W13 in the American Miniature Horse was 0.0063 (79 N/N, 1 W13/N) and the allele was not detected in a random sample (n = 59) of Shetland ponies." In the same study 14 out of 19 all-white unregistered Shetland ponies were heterozygous for the W13 variant.
Breeds: American Paint Horse, Appaloosa, Arabian, Berber, Camarillo White Horse, Franches-Montagnes, German Riding Pony, Gypsy, Haflinger, Holsteiner, Icelandic, Italian Trotter, Japanese Draft, Lipizzan, Miniature Horse, Noriker, Old-Tori, Oldenburger, Quarter Horse, Shetland Pony, South German Draft, Swiss Warmblood, Thoroughbred, Welsh Pony. Associated gene:Symbol | Description | Species | Chr | Location | OMIA gene details page | Other Links |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KIT | v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog | Equus caballus | 3 | NC_009146.3 (79618685..79536564) | KIT | Homologene, Ensembl, NCBI gene |
Variants
By default, variants are sorted chronologically by year of publication, to provide a historical perspective. Readers can re-sort on any column by clicking on the column header. Click it again to sort in a descending order. To create a multiple-field sort, hold down Shift while clicking on the second, third etc relevant column headers.
WARNING! Inclusion of a variant in this table does not automatically mean that it should be used for DNA testing. Anyone contemplating the use of any of these variants for DNA testing should examine critically the relevant evidence (especially in breeds other than the breed in which the variant was first described). If it is decided to proceed, the location and orientation of the variant sequence should be checked very carefully.
Since October 2021, OMIA includes a semiautomated lift-over pipeline to facilitate updates of genomic positions to a recent reference genome position. These changes to genomic positions are not always reflected in the ‘acknowledgements’ or ‘verbal description’ fields in this table.
OMIA Variant ID | Breed(s) | Variant Phenotype | Gene | Allele | Type of Variant | Source of Genetic Variant | Reference Sequence | Chr. | g. or m. | c. or n. | p. | Verbal Description | EVA ID | Inferred EVA rsID | Year Published | PubMed ID(s) | Acknowledgements |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1331 | American Paint Horse Quarter Horse | White spotting | KIT | W32 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79538738C>T | c.3214G>A | p.(A1072T) | cDNA position based on transcript ENSECAT00000014037.3 | rs1141982296 | rs1141982296 | 2021 | 34223905 | |
882 | South German Draft | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W11 | splicing | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79540429C>T | c.2684+1G>A | 2009 | 19456317 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | ||||
939 | Thoroughbred | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W26 | deletion, small (<=20) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79540694del | c.2536del | p.(S846Vfs*15) | NM_001163866.1; NP_001157338.1; published as c.2536delA | 2018 | 29333746 | |||
873 | Oldenburger | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W16 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79540741T>A | c.2489A>T | p.(K830I) | 2011 | 21554354 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
883 | Miniature Horse Quarter Horse Shetland Pony | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W13 | splicing | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79544066C>G | c.2472+5G>C | 2011 | 21554354 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | ||||
889 | Thoroughbred | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W14 | deletion, gross (>20) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79544151_79544204del | c.2392_2445del | p.(H798_N815del) | 2011 | 21554354 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
891 | Icelandic | White spotting | KIT | W21 | deletion, small (<=20) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79544174del | c.2369delC | p.(A790Efs*20) | 2015 | 26059442 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
885 | Appaloosa Haflinger Lipizzan Noriker Quarter Horse | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | sabino 1 (SB1) | splicing | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79544206A>T | "SNP AX-103727726 (ECA3:77735520; SB1, SNP KI16+1037A)" (Druml et al., 2018) | 2005 | 16284805 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | ||||
893 | Italian Trotter | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W24 | splicing | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79545245C>T | 2017 | 28856698 | ||||||
1462 | Standardbred | Dominant white spotting | KIT | W33 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79545248T>A | c.2783A>T | p.(N895Y) | NC_009146.3; ENSECAT00000014037.3 | 2022 | 35641888 | |||
881 | Icelandic | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W8 | splicing | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79545374C>T | c.2222-1G>A | NM_001163866.1; NP_001157338.1 | 2009 | 19456317 | ||||
886 | Thoroughbred | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W5 | deletion, small (<=20) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79545900del | c.2193delG | p.(T732Qfs*9) | 2009 | 19456317 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
878 | Franches-Montagnes | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W1 | nonsense (stop-gain) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79545942G>C | c.2151C>G | p.(Y717*) | 2007 | 17997609 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool; breed and allele information obtained from Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
877 | American Paint Horse Appaloosa German Riding Pony Gipsy Noriker Old-Tori Oldenburger Quarter Horse Thoroughbred Welsh Pony | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W20 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79548220C>T | c.2045G>A | p.(R682H) | ENSECAT00000014037.3:c.2381A>G ENSECAP00000011188.2:p.His794Arg | rs1143160924 | rs1143160924 | 2013 | 23659293 | Variant coordinates initially gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 |
875 | Japanese Draft | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W17b | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79548244A>G | c.2021T>C | p.(L674P) | 2011 | 21554354 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
1261 | Berber | Extensive coat white patterning | KIT | W30 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79548244A>T | c.2020T>A | p.(L674H) | g.79548244, c.2020T>A; p.L674H (Martin et al., 2020) | 2020 | 33111383 | |||
874 | Japanese Draft | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | w17a | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79548265T>A | c.2001A>T | p.(E667D) | 2011 | 21554354 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
890 | Thoroughbred | White spotting | KIT | W22 | deletion, gross (>20) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79548925_79550822del | 1898bp deletion | 2017 | 28444912 | |||||
868 | Thoroughbred | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W2 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79549540C>T | c.1960G>A | p.(G654R) | 2007 | 17997609 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool; breed and allele information obtained from Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
869 | Camarillo White Horse | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W4 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79549780G>A | c.1805C>T | p.(A602V) | 2007 | 17997609 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
871 | Holsteiner | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W9 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79549797C>T | c.1789G>A | p.(G597R) | 2009 | 19456317 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
872 | Arabian | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W15 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79550351A>G | c.1597T>C | p.(C533R) | 2011 | 21554354 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
940 | Thoroughbred | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W27 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79551937A>C | c.1473T>G | p.(C491W) | NM_001163866.1; NP_001157338.1 | 2018 | 29333746 | |||
884 | Swiss Warmblood | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W18 | splicing | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79553751C>T | c.1346+1G>A | 2013 | 23659293 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool; breed and allele information obtained from Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | ||||
876 | Arabian | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W19 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79553776T>C | c.1322A>G | p.(Y441C) | 2013 | 23659293 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool; breed and allele information obtained from Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
887 | Quarter Horse | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W10 | deletion, small (<=20) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79566926_79566929del | c.1126_1129delGAAC | p.(E376Ffs*3) | 2009 | 19456317 | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
870 | Thoroughbred | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W6 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79573754C>T | c.856G>A | p.(G286R) | 2009 | 19456317 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool; breed and allele information obtained from Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
892 | Arabian | White spotting | KIT | W23 | splicing | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79578484C>G | c.756+1G>C | rs1095048836 | rs1095048836 | 2017 | 28378922 | |||
879 | Arabian | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W3 | nonsense (stop-gain) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79578535T>A | c.706A>T | p.(K236*) | 2007 | 17997609 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool; breed and allele information obtained from Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
938 | Thoroughbred | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W25 | missense | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79578573A>G | c.668T>C | p.(L223P) | NM_001163866.1; NP_001157338.1 | rs3103992630 | 2018 | 29333746 | ||
888 | Thoroughbred | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W12 | deletion, small (<=20) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79579774_79579778del | c.559_563delTCTGC | p.(S187Rfs*10) | 2010 | Reference not in PubMed; see OMIA 000209-9796 for reference details | Variant coordinates gleaned from or confirmed by Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | |||
1091 | German Riding Pony | White spotting | KIT | W28 | deletion, gross (>20) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79579925_79581197del | 2019 | 31463981 | ||||||
880 | Thoroughbred | Coat colour, dominant white | KIT | W7 | splicing | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79580000C>G | c.338-1G>C | 2009 | 19456317 | Variant coordinates obtained from or confirmed by EBI's Some Effect Predictor (VEP) tool; breed and allele information obtained from Table S1 of Durig et al. (2017) Anim Genet 48:123-124 | ||||
1330 | Quarter Horse | White spotting | KIT | W31 | insertion, small (<=20) | Naturally occurring variant | EquCab3.0 | 3 | g.79618532_79618533insA | c.30_31insT | p.(L11Sfs*115) | 2021 | 34223905 |
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
2022 | Esdaile, E., Till, B., Kallenberg, A., Fremeux, M., Bickel, L., Bellone, R.R. : | |
A de novo missense mutation in KIT is responsible for dominant white spotting phenotype in a Standardbred horse. Anim Genet :, 2022. Pubmed reference: 35641888. DOI: 10.1111/age.13222. | ||
2021 | Esdaile, E., Kallenberg, A., Avila, F., Bellone, R.R. : | |
Identification of W13 in the American Miniature Horse and Shetland Pony Populations. Genes (Basel) 12:1985, 2021. Pubmed reference: 34946933. DOI: 10.3390/genes12121985. | ||
Patterson Rosa, L., Martin, K., Vierra, M., Foster, G., Lundquist, E., Brooks, S.A., Lafayette, C. : | ||
Two variants of KIT causing white patterning in stock-type horses. J Hered 112:447-451, 2021. Pubmed reference: 34223905. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab033. | ||
2020 | Brooks, S.A., Palermo, K.M., Kahn, A., Hein, J. : | |
Impact of white-spotting alleles, including W20, on phenotype in the American Paint Horse. Anim Genet 51:707-715, 2020. Pubmed reference: 32686191. DOI: 10.1111/age.12960. | ||
Martin, K., Patterson Rosa, L., Vierra, M., Foster, G., Brooks, S.A., Lafayette, C. : | ||
De novo mutation of KIT causes extensive coat white patterning in a family of Berber horses. Anim Genet 52:135-137, 2020. Pubmed reference: 33111383. DOI: 10.1111/age.13017. | ||
2019 | Hug, P., Jude, R., Henkel, J., Jagannathan, V., Leeb, T. : | |
A novel KIT deletion variant in a German Riding Pony with white-spotting coat colour phenotype. Anim Genet 50:761-763, 2019. Pubmed reference: 31463981. DOI: 10.1111/age.12840. | ||
2018 | Druml, T., Grilz-Seger, G., Neuditschko, M., Horna, M., Ricard, A., Pausch, H., Brem, G. : | |
Novel insights into Sabino1 and splashed white coat color patterns in horses. Anim Genet 49:249-253, 2018. Pubmed reference: 29635692. DOI: 10.1111/age.12657. | ||
Hoban, R., Castle, K., Hamilton, N., Haase, B. : | ||
Novel KIT variants for dominant white in the Australian horse population. Anim Genet 49:99-100, 2018. Pubmed reference: 29333746. DOI: 10.1111/age.12627. | ||
Li, B., He, X., Zhao, Y., Bai, D., Shiraigo, W., Zhao, Q., Manglai, D. : | ||
Regulatory pathway analysis of coat color genes in Mongolian horses. Hereditas 155:13, 2018. Pubmed reference: 28974924. DOI: 10.1186/s41065-017-0048-y. | ||
2017 | Capomaccio, S., Milanesi, M., Nocelli, C., Giontella, A., Verini-Supplizi, A., Branca, M., Silvestrelli, M., Cappelli, K. : | |
Splicing site disruption in the KIT gene as strong candidate for white dominant phenotype in an Italian Trotter. Anim Genet 48:727-728, 2017. Pubmed reference: 28856698. DOI: 10.1111/age.12590. | ||
Dürig, N., Jude, R., Holl, H., Brooks, S.A., Lafayette, C., Jagannathan, V., Leeb, T. : | ||
Whole genome sequencing reveals a novel deletion variant in the KIT gene in horses with white spotted coat colour phenotypes. Anim Genet 48:483-485, 2017. Pubmed reference: 28444912. DOI: 10.1111/age.12556. | ||
Holl, H.M., Brooks, S.A., Carpenter, M.L., Bustamante, C.D., Lafayette, C. : | ||
A novel splice mutation within equine KIT and the W15 allele in the homozygous state lead to all white coat color phenotypes. Anim Genet 48:497-498, 2017. Pubmed reference: 28378922. DOI: 10.1111/age.12554. | ||
Kim, N.Y., Bhuiyan, M.S.A., Chae, H.S., Baek, K.S., Son, J.K., Shin, S.M., Woo, J.H., Park, S.H., Lee, S.H. : | ||
Genome-wide association study for tobiano spotting coat color in Korean Jeju × Thoroughbred horse population. Anim Genet 48:728-729, 2017. Pubmed reference: 28850680. DOI: 10.1111/age.12596. | ||
Negro, S., Imsland, F., Valera, M., Molina, A., Solé, M., Andersson, L. : | ||
Association analysis of KIT, MITF, and PAX3 variants with white markings in Spanish horses. Anim Genet 48:349-352, 2017. Pubmed reference: 28084638. DOI: 10.1111/age.12528. | ||
2016 | Han, H., Mao, C., Chen, N., Lan, X., Chen, H., Lei, C., Dang, R. : | |
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Kit gene in Chinese indigenous horses. Jpn J Vet Res 64:81-9, 2016. Pubmed reference: 27348891. | ||
Martin, L., Damaso, N., Mills, D., Martin, L., Damaso, N., Mills, D. : | ||
Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in equine coat color genes using SNaPshotTM multiplex kit or pluronic F-108 tri-block copolymer and capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 37:2862-2866, 2016. Pubmed reference: 27542347. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600245. | ||
Reissmann, M., Musa, L., Zakizadeh, S., Ludwig, A. : | ||
Distribution of coat-color-associated alleles in the domestic horse population and Przewalski's horse. J Appl Genet 57:519-525, 2016. Pubmed reference: 27194311. DOI: 10.1007/s13353-016-0352-7. | ||
2015 | Haase, B., Jagannathan, V., Rieder, S., Leeb, T. : | |
A novel KIT variant in an Icelandic horse with white-spotted coat colour. Anim Genet 46:466, 2015. Pubmed reference: 26059442. DOI: 10.1111/age.12313. | ||
2013 | Hauswirth, R., Jude, R., Haase, B., Bellone, R.R., Archer, S., Holl, H., Brooks, S.A., Tozaki, T., Penedo, M.C., Rieder, S., Leeb, T. : | |
Novel variants in the KIT and PAX3 genes in horses with white-spotted coat colour phenotypes. Anim Genet 44:763-5, 2013. Pubmed reference: 23659293. DOI: 10.1111/age.12057. | ||
2012 | Svensson, E.M., Telldahl, Y., Sjöling, E., Sundkvist, A., Hulth, H., Sjøvold, T., Götherström, A. : | |
Coat colour and sex identification in horses from Iron Age Sweden. Ann Anat 194:82-7, 2012. Pubmed reference: 22154005. DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.11.001. | ||
2011 | Bai, D.Y., Yang, L.H., Unerhu, U., Zhao, Y.P., Zhao, Q.N., Hasigaowa, H., Dugarjaviin, M. : | |
[Effects of Kit gene on coat depigmentation in white horses]. Yi Chuan 33:1171-8, 2011. Pubmed reference: 22120071. | ||
Haase, B., Rieder, S., Tozaki, T., Hasegawa, T., Penedo, MC., Jude, R., Leeb, T. : | ||
Five novel KIT mutations in horses with white coat colour phenotypes. Anim Genet 42:337-339, 2011. Pubmed reference: 21554354. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02173.x. | ||
2010 | Bellone, RR. : | |
Pleiotropic effects of pigmentation genes in horses. Anim Genet 41 Suppl 2:100-10, 2010. Pubmed reference: 21070283. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02116.x. | ||
Holl, H., Brooks, S., Bailey, E. : | ||
De novo mutation of KIT discovered as a result of a non-hereditary white coat colour pattern Animal Genetics 41 Suppl 2:196-198, 2010. | ||
Horváth, G., Blahó, M., Kriska, G., Hegedüs, R., Gerics, B., Farkas, R., Akesson, S. : | ||
An unexpected advantage of whiteness in horses: the most horsefly-proof horse has a depolarizing white coat. Proc Biol Sci 277:1643-50, 2010. Pubmed reference: 20129982. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.2202. | ||
Li, B., He, XL., Zhao, YP., Wang, XJ., Manglai, D., Zhang, YR. : | ||
[Molecular basis and applicability in equine color genetics]. Yi Chuan 32:1133-40, 2010. Pubmed reference: 21513164. | ||
2009 | Haase, B., Brooks, SA., Tozaki, T., Burger, D., Poncet, PA., Rieder, S., Hasegawa, T., Penedo, C., Leeb, T. : | |
Seven novel KIT mutations in horses with white coat colour phenotypes. Anim Genet 40:623-629, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19456317. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01893.x. | ||
Haase, B., Obexer-Ruff, G., Dolf, G., Rieder, S., Burger, D., Poncet, PA., Gerber, V., Howard, J., Leeb, T. : | ||
Haematological parameters are normal in dominant white Franches-Montagnes horses carrying a KIT mutation. Vet J :, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19362501. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.02.017. | ||
Kakoi, H., Tozaki, T., Nagata, S., Gawahara, H., Kijima-Suda, I. : | ||
Development of a method for simultaneously genotyping multiple horse coat colour loci and genetic investigation of basic colour variation in Thoroughbred and Misaki horses in Japan. J Anim Breed Genet 126:425-31, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19912416. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2009.00841.x. | ||
Lewin, H.A. : | ||
Genetics. It's a bull's market. Science 324:478-9, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19390037. DOI: 10.1126/science.1173880. | ||
Rieder, S. : | ||
Molecular tests for coat colours in horses. J Anim Breed Genet 126:415-24, 2009. Pubmed reference: 19912415. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2009.00832.x. | ||
2008 | Haase, B., Jude, R., Brooks, SA., Leeb, T. : | |
An equine chromosome 3 inversion is associated with the tobiano spotting pattern in German horse breeds. Anim Genet 39:306-9, 2008. Pubmed reference: 18410476. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01715.x. | ||
Rieder, S., Hagger, C., Obexer-Ruff, G., Leeb, T., Poncet, PA. : | ||
Genetic analysis of white facial and leg markings in the Swiss Franches-Montagnes Horse Breed. J Hered 99:130-6, 2008. Pubmed reference: 18296388. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esm115. | ||
2007 | Brooks, SA., Lear, TL., Adelson, DL., Bailey, E. : | |
A chromosome inversion near the KIT gene and the Tobiano spotting pattern in horses. Cytogenet Genome Res 119:225-30, 2007. Pubmed reference: 18253033. DOI: 10.1159/000112065. | ||
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Allelic heterogeneity at the equine KIT locus in dominant white (W) horses. PLoS Genet 3:e195, 2007. Pubmed reference: 17997609. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030195. | ||
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Exon skipping in the KIT gene causes a Sabino spotting pattern in horses. Mamm Genome 16:893-902, 2005. Pubmed reference: 16284805. DOI: 10.1007/s00335-005-2472-y. | ||
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Edit History
- Created by Kao Castle on 03 Aug 2009
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 11 Sep 2011
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 14 Sep 2011
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 09 Dec 2011
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 06 Jan 2013
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 13 May 2013
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 29 Nov 2013
- Changed by Tosso Leeb on 07 Aug 2015
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 24 Aug 2017
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 01 Sep 2017
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 24 Nov 2017
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 19 Jan 2018
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 19 Apr 2018
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 02 Sep 2019
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 24 Jul 2020
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 30 Oct 2020
- Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 10 Aug 2021
- Changed by Imke Tammen2 on 11 Jan 2022
- Changed by Frank Nicholas on 02 Jun 2022